fixing descriptor sets population

.gitea/workflows/build.yml

@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ jobs:
         node-version: 24
 
     - name: Building
-      run: zig build
+      run: zig build -Dno-example=true
 
     - name: Generating docs
-      run: zig build docs
+      run: zig build docs -Dno-example=true
 
     - name: Publish to Cloudflare Pages
       uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v3

.gitea/workflows/test.yml

@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ jobs:
     - uses: mlugg/setup-zig@v2
 
     - name: Test
-      run: zig build test
+      run: zig build test -Dno-example=true

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 .zig-cache/
 zig-out/
+.gdb_history
 *.o
+vgcore*
+callgrind*

README.md

@@ -1 +1,31 @@
-test
+# SPIR-V Interpreter <a href="https://git.kbz8.me/kbz_8/SPIRV-Interpreter/actions?workflows=build.yml"><img src="https://git.kbz8.me/kbz_8/SPIRV-Interpreter/actions/workflows/build.yml/badge.svg"></a> <a href="https://git.kbz8.me/kbz_8/SPIRV-Interpreter/actions?workflows=test.yml"><img src="https://git.kbz8.me/kbz_8/SPIRV-Interpreter/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg"></a>
+
+A small footprint SPIR-V interpreter to execute SPIR-V shaders on the CPU. It is designed to be used with multiple runtimes concurrently.
+
+```zig
+const std = @import("std");
+const spv = @import("spv");
+
+const shader_source = @embedFile("shader.spv");
+
+pub fn main() !void {
+    {
+        var gpa: std.heap.DebugAllocator(.{}) = .init;
+        defer _ = gpa.deinit();
+
+        const allocator = gpa.allocator();
+
+        var module = try spv.Module.init(allocator, @ptrCast(@alignCast(shader_source)), .{});
+        defer module.deinit(allocator);
+
+        var rt = try spv.Runtime.init(allocator, &module);
+        defer rt.deinit(allocator);
+
+        try rt.callEntryPoint(allocator, try rt.getEntryPointByName("main"));
+        var output: [4]f32 = undefined;
+        try rt.readOutput(f32, output[0..output.len], try rt.getResultByName("color"));
+        std.log.info("Output: Vec4{any}", .{output});
+    }
+    std.log.info("Successfully executed", .{});
+}
+```

build.zig

@@ -4,12 +4,17 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
     const target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{});
     const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});
 
-    const mod = b.createModule(.{
+    const use_llvm = b.option(bool, "use-llvm", "use llvm") orelse (b.release_mode != .off);
+
+    const mod = b.addModule("spv", .{
         .root_source_file = b.path("src/lib.zig"),
         .target = target,
         .optimize = optimize,
     });
 
+    const zmath = b.dependency("zmath", .{});
+    mod.addImport("zmath", zmath.module("root"));
+
     const pretty = b.dependency("pretty", .{ .target = target, .optimize = optimize });
     mod.addImport("pretty", pretty.module("pretty"));
 
@@ -17,39 +22,97 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
         .name = "spirv_interpreter",
         .root_module = mod,
         .linkage = .dynamic,
-        //.use_llvm = true,
+        .use_llvm = use_llvm,
     });
     const lib_install = b.addInstallArtifact(lib, .{});
 
     // Zig example setup
 
-    const example_exe = b.addExecutable(.{
+    const no_example = b.option(bool, "no-example", "skips example dependencies fetch") orelse false;
-        .name = "spirv_interpreter_example",
+
+    if (!no_example) {
+        const sdl3 = b.lazyDependency("sdl3", .{ .target = target, .optimize = optimize }) orelse return;
+        const example_exe = b.addExecutable(.{
+            .name = "spirv_interpreter_example",
+            .root_module = b.createModule(.{
+                .root_source_file = b.path("example/main.zig"),
+                .target = target,
+                .optimize = optimize,
+                .imports = &.{
+                    .{ .name = "spv", .module = mod },
+                    .{ .name = "sdl3", .module = sdl3.module("sdl3") },
+                    //.{ .name = "pretty", .module = pretty.module("pretty") },
+                },
+            }),
+            .use_llvm = use_llvm,
+        });
+
+        const example_install = b.addInstallArtifact(example_exe, .{});
+        example_install.step.dependOn(&lib_install.step);
+
+        const run_example = b.addRunArtifact(example_exe);
+        run_example.step.dependOn(&example_install.step);
+
+        const run_example_step = b.step("example", "Run the example");
+        run_example_step.dependOn(&run_example.step);
+
+        const compile_shader_cmd = b.addSystemCommand(&[_][]const u8{ "nzslc", "example/shader.nzsl", "--compile=spv,spv-dis", "-o", "example" });
+        const compile_shader_step = b.step("example-shader", "Compiles example's shader (needs nzslc installed)");
+        compile_shader_step.dependOn(&compile_shader_cmd.step);
+    }
+
+    // Zig sandbox setup
+
+    const sandbox_exe = b.addExecutable(.{
+        .name = "spirv_interpreter_sandbox",
         .root_module = b.createModule(.{
-            .root_source_file = b.path("example/main.zig"),
+            .root_source_file = b.path("sandbox/main.zig"),
             .target = target,
             .optimize = optimize,
             .imports = &.{
                 .{ .name = "spv", .module = mod },
+                //.{ .name = "pretty", .module = pretty.module("pretty") },
             },
         }),
+        .use_llvm = use_llvm,
     });
 
-    const example_install = b.addInstallArtifact(example_exe, .{});
+    const sandbox_install = b.addInstallArtifact(sandbox_exe, .{});
-    example_install.step.dependOn(&lib_install.step);
+    sandbox_install.step.dependOn(&lib_install.step);
 
-    const run_example = b.addRunArtifact(example_exe);
+    const run_sandbox = b.addRunArtifact(sandbox_exe);
-    run_example.step.dependOn(&example_install.step);
+    run_sandbox.step.dependOn(&sandbox_install.step);
 
-    const run_example_step = b.step("example", "Run the basic example");
+    const run_sandbox_step = b.step("sandbox", "Run the sandbox");
-    run_example_step.dependOn(&run_example.step);
+    run_sandbox_step.dependOn(&run_sandbox.step);
+
+    const compile_shader_cmd = b.addSystemCommand(&[_][]const u8{ "nzslc", "sandbox/shader.nzsl", "--compile=spv,spv-dis", "-o", "sandbox" });
+    const compile_shader_step = b.step("sandbox-shader", "Compiles sandbox's shader (needs nzslc installed)");
+    compile_shader_step.dependOn(&compile_shader_cmd.step);
 
     // Zig unit tests setup
 
-    const lib_tests = b.addTest(.{ .root_module = mod });
+    const no_test = b.option(bool, "no-test", "skips unit test dependencies fetch") orelse false;
-    const run_tests = b.addRunArtifact(lib_tests);
+
-    const test_step = b.step("test", "Run Zig unit tests");
+    if (!no_test) {
-    test_step.dependOn(&run_tests.step);
+        const nzsl = b.lazyDependency("NZSL", .{ .target = target, .optimize = optimize }) orelse return;
+        const lib_tests = b.addTest(.{
+            .root_module = b.createModule(.{
+                .root_source_file = b.path("test/root.zig"),
+                .target = target,
+                .optimize = optimize,
+                .imports = &.{
+                    .{ .name = "spv", .module = mod },
+                    .{ .name = "nzsl", .module = nzsl.module("nzigsl") },
+                    .{ .name = "zmath", .module = zmath.module("root") },
+                },
+            }),
+            .test_runner = .{ .path = b.path("test/test_runner.zig"), .mode = .simple },
+        });
+        const run_tests = b.addRunArtifact(lib_tests);
+        const test_step = b.step("test", "Run Zig unit tests");
+        test_step.dependOn(&run_tests.step);
+    }
 
     // Docs generation
 

build.zig.zon

@@ -2,9 +2,23 @@
     .name = .SPIRV_Interpreter,
     .version = "0.0.1",
     .dependencies = .{
-        .pretty = .{
+        .zmath = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/timfayz/pretty/archive/refs/heads/main.tar.gz",
+            .url = "git+https://github.com/zig-gamedev/zmath.git#3a5955b2b72cd081563fbb084eff05bffd1e3fbb",
-            .hash = "pretty-0.10.6-Tm65r6lPAQCBxgwzehYPeqsCXQDT9kt2ktJuO-2tRfE6",
+            .hash = "zmath-0.11.0-dev-wjwivdMsAwD-xaLj76YHUq3t9JDH-X16xuMTmnDzqbu2",
+        },
+        .pretty = .{ // For debugging purposes
+            .url = "git+https://github.com/Kbz-8/pretty#117674465efd4d07d5ae9d9d8ca59c2c323a65ba",
+            .hash = "pretty-0.10.6-Tm65r99UAQDEJMgZysD10qE8dinBHr064fPM6YkxVPfB",
+        },
+        .NZSL = .{ // For unit tests
+            .url = "git+https://git.kbz8.me/kbz_8/NZigSL#5377dbdf9935b0de767f76ea4650e7aba4516b32",
+            .hash = "NZSL-1.1.2-N0xSVMt6AAC1ncQHA_RafnclWolDA477iTnFmZgdvxd-",
+            .lazy = true,
+        },
+        .sdl3 = .{
+            .url = "git+https://codeberg.org/7Games/zig-sdl3?ref=v0.1.6#9c1842246c59f03f87ba59b160ca7e3d5e5ce972",
+            .hash = "sdl3-0.1.6-NmT1Q5sQJgCzT6hLj7WOSrwxE0Qsef1wIkDopbOOFru0",
+            .lazy = true,
         },
     },
     .minimum_zig_version = "0.15.2",

example/main.zig

@@ -1,25 +1,141 @@
 const std = @import("std");
+const sdl3 = @import("sdl3");
 const spv = @import("spv");
 
 const shader_source = @embedFile("shader.spv");
 
+const screen_width = 300;
+const screen_height = 300;
+
 pub fn main() !void {
     {
-        var gpa: std.heap.DebugAllocator(.{}) = .init;
+        //var gpa: std.heap.DebugAllocator(.{}) = .init;
-        defer _ = gpa.deinit();
+        //defer _ = gpa.deinit();
 
-        const allocator = gpa.allocator();
+        defer sdl3.shutdown();
+        const init_flags = sdl3.InitFlags{ .video = true, .events = true };
+        try sdl3.init(init_flags);
+        defer sdl3.quit(init_flags);
 
-        var module = try spv.Module.init(allocator, @ptrCast(@alignCast(shader_source)));
+        const window = try sdl3.video.Window.init("Hello triangle", screen_width, screen_height, .{});
+        defer window.deinit();
+
+        const surface = try window.getSurface();
+
+        const allocator = std.heap.smp_allocator;
+
+        var module = try spv.Module.init(allocator, @ptrCast(@alignCast(shader_source)), .{});
         defer module.deinit(allocator);
 
-        var rt = try spv.Runtime.init(allocator, &module);
+        var runner_cache: std.ArrayList(Runner) = try .initCapacity(allocator, screen_height);
-        defer rt.deinit(allocator);
+        defer {
+            for (runner_cache.items) |*runner| {
+                runner.rt.deinit(allocator);
+            }
+            runner_cache.deinit(allocator);
+        }
 
-        try rt.callEntryPoint(allocator, try rt.getEntryPointByName("main"));
+        for (0..screen_height) |_| {
-        var output: [4]f32 = undefined;
+            var rt = try spv.Runtime.init(allocator, &module);
-        try rt.readOutput(f32, output[0..output.len], try rt.getResultByName("color"));
+            (try runner_cache.addOne(allocator)).* = .{
-        std.log.info("Result: Vec4[{d}, {d}, {d}, {d}]", .{ output[0], output[1], output[2], output[3] });
+                .allocator = allocator,
+                .surface = surface,
+                .rt = rt,
+                .entry = try rt.getEntryPointByName("main"),
+                .color = try rt.getResultByName("color"),
+                .time = try rt.getResultByName("time"),
+                .pos = try rt.getResultByName("pos"),
+                .res = try rt.getResultByName("res"),
+            };
+        }
+
+        var thread_pool: std.Thread.Pool = undefined;
+        try thread_pool.init(.{ .allocator = allocator });
+
+        var timer = try std.time.Timer.start();
+
+        var quit = false;
+        while (!quit) {
+            try surface.clear(.{ .r = 0.0, .g = 0.0, .b = 0.0, .a = 1.0 });
+
+            while (sdl3.events.poll()) |event|
+                switch (event) {
+                    .quit => quit = true,
+                    .terminating => quit = true,
+                    else => {},
+                };
+
+            {
+                try surface.lock();
+                defer surface.unlock();
+
+                const pixel_map: [*]u32 = @as([*]u32, @ptrCast(@alignCast((surface.getPixels() orelse return).ptr)));
+
+                const delta: f32 = @as(f32, @floatFromInt(timer.read())) / std.time.ns_per_s;
+
+                var frame_timer = try std.time.Timer.start();
+                defer {
+                    const ns = frame_timer.lap();
+                    const ms = @as(f32, @floatFromInt(ns)) / std.time.ns_per_s;
+                    std.log.info("Took {d:.3}s - {d:.3}fps to render", .{ ms, 1.0 / ms });
+                }
+
+                var wait_group: std.Thread.WaitGroup = .{};
+                for (0..screen_height) |y| {
+                    const runner = &runner_cache.items[y];
+                    thread_pool.spawnWg(&wait_group, Runner.runWrapper, .{ runner, y, pixel_map, delta });
+                }
+                thread_pool.waitAndWork(&wait_group);
+            }
+
+            try window.updateSurface();
+        }
     }
     std.log.info("Successfully executed", .{});
 }
+
+const Runner = struct {
+    const Self = @This();
+
+    allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+    surface: sdl3.surface.Surface,
+    rt: spv.Runtime,
+    entry: spv.SpvWord,
+    color: spv.SpvWord,
+    time: spv.SpvWord,
+    pos: spv.SpvWord,
+    res: spv.SpvWord,
+
+    fn runWrapper(self: *Self, y: usize, pixel_map: [*]u32, timer: f32) void {
+        @call(.always_inline, Self.run, .{ self, y, pixel_map, timer }) catch |err| {
+            std.log.err("{s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+            if (@errorReturnTrace()) |trace| {
+                std.debug.dumpStackTrace(trace.*);
+            }
+            std.process.abort();
+        };
+    }
+
+    fn run(self: *Self, y: usize, pixel_map: [*]u32, timer: f32) !void {
+        var rt = self.rt; // Copy to avoid pointer access of `self` at runtime. Okay as Runtime contains only pointers and trivially copyable fields
+
+        var output: [4]f32 = undefined;
+
+        for (0..screen_width) |x| {
+            try rt.writeInput(&.{timer}, self.time);
+            try rt.writeInput(&.{ @floatFromInt(screen_width), @floatFromInt(screen_height) }, self.res);
+            try rt.writeInput(&.{ @floatFromInt(x), @floatFromInt(y) }, self.pos);
+            try rt.callEntryPoint(self.allocator, self.entry);
+            try rt.readOutput(output[0..], self.color);
+
+            const rgba = self.surface.mapRgba(
+                @intCast(@max(@min(@as(i32, @intFromFloat(output[0] * 255.0)), 255), 0)),
+                @intCast(@max(@min(@as(i32, @intFromFloat(output[1] * 255.0)), 255), 0)),
+                @intCast(@max(@min(@as(i32, @intFromFloat(output[2] * 255.0)), 255), 0)),
+                @intCast(@max(@min(@as(i32, @intFromFloat(output[3] * 255.0)), 255), 0)),
+            );
+
+            pixel_map[(y * self.surface.getWidth()) + x] = rgba.value;
+        }
+    }
+};

example/mangohud.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+gpu_stats=0
+font_size=16
+resolution
+hud_compact
+background_alpha=0
+width=140

example/shader.nzsl

@@ -1,15 +1,68 @@
 [nzsl_version("1.1")]
 module;
 
+struct FragIn
+{
+    [location(0)] time: f32,
+    [location(1)] res: vec2[f32],
+    [location(2)] pos: vec2[f32],
+}
+
 struct FragOut
 {
     [location(0)] color: vec4[f32]
 }
 
 [entry(frag)]
-fn main() -> FragOut
+fn main(input: FragIn) -> FragOut
 {
+    const I: i32 = 128;
+    const A: f32 = 7.5;
+    const MA: f32 = 100.0;
+    const MI: f32 = 0.001;
+
+    let uv0 = input.pos / input.res * 2.0 - vec2[f32](1.0, 1.0);
+    let uv  = vec2[f32](uv0.x * (input.res.x / input.res.y), uv0.y);
+
+    let col = vec3[f32](0.0, 0.0, 0.0);  
+    let ro  = vec3[f32](0.0, 0.0, -2.0); 
+    let rd  = vec3[f32](uv.x, uv.y, 1.0);
+    let dt  = 0.0;
+    let ds  = 0.0;
+    let dm  = -1.0;
+    let p   = ro;
+    let c   = vec3[f32](0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+
+    let l = vec3[f32](0.0, sin(input.time * 0.2) * 4.0, cos(input.time * 0.2) * 4.0);
+
+    for i in 0 -> I
+    {
+        p = ro + rd * dt;
+        ds = length(c - p) - 1.0;
+        dt += ds;
+
+        if (dm == -1.0 || ds < dm)
+            dm = ds;
+
+        if (ds <= MI)
+        {
+            let value = max(dot(normalize(c - p), normalize(p - l)) - 0.35, 0.0);
+            col = vec3[f32](value, value, value);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (ds >= MA)
+        {
+            if (dot(normalize(rd), normalize(l - ro)) <= 1.0)
+            {
+                let value = max(dot(normalize(rd), normalize(l - ro)) + 0.15, 0.05)/ 1.15 * (1.0 - dm * A);
+                col = vec3[f32](value, value, value);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
     let output: FragOut;
-    output.color = vec4[f32](1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+    output.color = vec4[f32](col.x, col.y, col.z, 1.0);
     return output;
 }

example/shader.spv.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+Version 1.0
+Generator: 2560130
+Bound: 203
+Schema: 0
+       OpCapability Capability(Shader)
+ %42 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+       OpMemoryModel AddressingModel(Logical) MemoryModel(GLSL450)
+       OpEntryPoint ExecutionModel(Fragment) %43 "main" %5 %11 %14 %20
+       OpExecutionMode %43 ExecutionMode(OriginUpperLeft)
+       OpSource SourceLanguage(NZSL) 4198400
+       OpSourceExtension "Version: 1.1"
+       OpName %16 "FragIn"
+       OpMemberName %16 0 "time"
+       OpMemberName %16 1 "res"
+       OpMemberName %16 2 "pos"
+       OpName %21 "FragOut"
+       OpMemberName %21 0 "color"
+       OpName %5 "time"
+       OpName %11 "res"
+       OpName %14 "pos"
+       OpName %20 "color"
+       OpName %43 "main"
+       OpDecorate %5 Decoration(Location) 0
+       OpDecorate %11 Decoration(Location) 1
+       OpDecorate %14 Decoration(Location) 2
+       OpDecorate %20 Decoration(Location) 0
+       OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Decoration(Offset) 0
+       OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Decoration(Offset) 8
+       OpMemberDecorate %16 2 Decoration(Offset) 16
+       OpMemberDecorate %21 0 Decoration(Offset) 0
+  %1 = OpTypeVoid
+  %2 = OpTypeFunction %1
+  %3 = OpTypeFloat 32
+  %4 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Input) %3
+  %6 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+  %7 = OpConstant %6 i32(0)
+  %8 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Function) %3
+  %9 = OpTypeVector %3 2
+ %10 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Input) %9
+ %12 = OpConstant %6 i32(1)
+ %13 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Function) %9
+ %15 = OpConstant %6 i32(2)
+ %16 = OpTypeStruct %3 %9 %9
+ %17 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Function) %16
+ %18 = OpTypeVector %3 4
+ %19 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Output) %18
+ %21 = OpTypeStruct %18
+ %22 = OpConstant %3 f32(2)
+ %23 = OpConstant %3 f32(1)
+ %24 = OpConstant %3 f32(0)
+ %25 = OpTypeVector %3 3
+ %26 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Function) %25
+ %27 = OpConstant %3 f32(-2)
+ %28 = OpConstant %3 f32(-1)
+ %29 = OpConstant %3 f32(0.2)
+ %30 = OpConstant %3 f32(4)
+ %31 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Function) %6
+ %32 = OpConstant %6 i32(128)
+ %33 = OpTypeBool
+ %34 = OpConstant %3 f32(0.001)
+ %35 = OpConstant %3 f32(0.35)
+ %36 = OpConstant %3 f32(100)
+ %37 = OpConstant %3 f32(0.15)
+ %38 = OpConstant %3 f32(0.05)
+ %39 = OpConstant %3 f32(1.15)
+ %40 = OpConstant %3 f32(7.5)
+ %41 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Function) %21
+%200 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Function) %18
+  %5 = OpVariable %4 StorageClass(Input)
+ %11 = OpVariable %10 StorageClass(Input)
+ %14 = OpVariable %10 StorageClass(Input)
+ %20 = OpVariable %19 StorageClass(Output)
+ %43 = OpFunction %1 FunctionControl(0) %2
+ %44 = OpLabel
+ %45 = OpVariable %13 StorageClass(Function)
+ %46 = OpVariable %13 StorageClass(Function)
+ %47 = OpVariable %26 StorageClass(Function)
+ %48 = OpVariable %26 StorageClass(Function)
+ %49 = OpVariable %26 StorageClass(Function)
+ %50 = OpVariable %8 StorageClass(Function)
+ %51 = OpVariable %8 StorageClass(Function)
+ %52 = OpVariable %8 StorageClass(Function)
+ %53 = OpVariable %26 StorageClass(Function)
+ %54 = OpVariable %26 StorageClass(Function)
+ %55 = OpVariable %26 StorageClass(Function)
+ %56 = OpVariable %31 StorageClass(Function)
+ %57 = OpVariable %31 StorageClass(Function)
+ %58 = OpVariable %8 StorageClass(Function)
+ %59 = OpVariable %8 StorageClass(Function)
+ %60 = OpVariable %41 StorageClass(Function)
+ %61 = OpVariable %17 StorageClass(Function)
+ %62 = OpAccessChain %8 %61 %7
+       OpCopyMemory %62 %5
+ %63 = OpAccessChain %13 %61 %12
+       OpCopyMemory %63 %11
+ %64 = OpAccessChain %13 %61 %15
+       OpCopyMemory %64 %14
+ %65 = OpAccessChain %13 %61 %15
+ %66 = OpLoad %9 %65
+ %67 = OpAccessChain %13 %61 %12
+ %68 = OpLoad %9 %67
+ %69 = OpFDiv %9 %66 %68
+ %70 = OpVectorTimesScalar %9 %69 %22
+ %71 = OpCompositeConstruct %9 %23 %23
+ %72 = OpFSub %9 %70 %71
+       OpStore %45 %72
+ %73 = OpLoad %9 %45
+ %74 = OpCompositeExtract %3 %73 0
+ %75 = OpAccessChain %13 %61 %12
+ %76 = OpLoad %9 %75
+ %77 = OpCompositeExtract %3 %76 0
+ %78 = OpAccessChain %13 %61 %12
+ %79 = OpLoad %9 %78
+ %80 = OpCompositeExtract %3 %79 1
+ %81 = OpFDiv %3 %77 %80
+ %82 = OpFMul %3 %74 %81
+ %83 = OpLoad %9 %45
+ %84 = OpCompositeExtract %3 %83 1
+ %85 = OpCompositeConstruct %9 %82 %84
+       OpStore %46 %85
+ %86 = OpCompositeConstruct %25 %24 %24 %24
+       OpStore %47 %86
+ %87 = OpCompositeConstruct %25 %24 %24 %27
+       OpStore %48 %87
+ %88 = OpLoad %9 %46
+ %89 = OpCompositeExtract %3 %88 0
+ %90 = OpLoad %9 %46
+ %91 = OpCompositeExtract %3 %90 1
+ %92 = OpCompositeConstruct %25 %89 %91 %23
+       OpStore %49 %92
+       OpStore %50 %24
+       OpStore %51 %24
+       OpStore %52 %28
+ %93 = OpLoad %25 %48
+       OpStore %53 %93
+ %94 = OpCompositeConstruct %25 %24 %24 %24
+       OpStore %54 %94
+ %95 = OpAccessChain %8 %61 %7
+ %96 = OpLoad %3 %95
+ %97 = OpFMul %3 %96 %29
+ %98 = OpExtInst %3 GLSLstd450 Sin %97
+ %99 = OpFMul %3 %98 %30
+%100 = OpAccessChain %8 %61 %7
+%101 = OpLoad %3 %100
+%102 = OpFMul %3 %101 %29
+%103 = OpExtInst %3 GLSLstd450 Cos %102
+%104 = OpFMul %3 %103 %30
+%105 = OpCompositeConstruct %25 %24 %99 %104
+       OpStore %55 %105
+       OpStore %56 %7
+       OpStore %57 %32
+       OpBranch %106
+%106 = OpLabel
+%110 = OpLoad %6 %56
+%111 = OpLoad %6 %57
+%112 = OpSLessThan %33 %110 %111
+       OpLoopMerge %108 %109 LoopControl(0)
+       OpBranchConditional %112 %107 %108
+%107 = OpLabel
+%113 = OpLoad %25 %48
+%114 = OpLoad %25 %49
+%115 = OpLoad %3 %50
+%116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %25 %114 %115
+%117 = OpFAdd %25 %113 %116
+       OpStore %53 %117
+%118 = OpLoad %25 %54
+%119 = OpLoad %25 %53
+%120 = OpFSub %25 %118 %119
+%121 = OpExtInst %3 GLSLstd450 Length %120
+%122 = OpFSub %3 %121 %23
+       OpStore %51 %122
+%123 = OpLoad %3 %50
+%124 = OpLoad %3 %51
+%125 = OpFAdd %3 %123 %124
+       OpStore %50 %125
+%129 = OpLoad %3 %52
+%130 = OpFOrdEqual %33 %129 %28
+%131 = OpLoad %3 %51
+%132 = OpLoad %3 %52
+%133 = OpFOrdLessThan %33 %131 %132
+%134 = OpLogicalOr %33 %130 %133
+       OpSelectionMerge %126 SelectionControl(0)
+       OpBranchConditional %134 %127 %128
+%127 = OpLabel
+%135 = OpLoad %3 %51
+       OpStore %52 %135
+       OpBranch %126
+%128 = OpLabel
+       OpBranch %126
+%126 = OpLabel
+%139 = OpLoad %3 %51
+%140 = OpFOrdLessThanEqual %33 %139 %34
+       OpSelectionMerge %136 SelectionControl(0)
+       OpBranchConditional %140 %137 %138
+%137 = OpLabel
+%141 = OpLoad %25 %54
+%142 = OpLoad %25 %53
+%143 = OpFSub %25 %141 %142
+%144 = OpExtInst %25 GLSLstd450 Normalize %143
+%145 = OpLoad %25 %53
+%146 = OpLoad %25 %55
+%147 = OpFSub %25 %145 %146
+%148 = OpExtInst %25 GLSLstd450 Normalize %147
+%149 = OpDot %3 %144 %148
+%150 = OpFSub %3 %149 %35
+%151 = OpExtInst %3 GLSLstd450 FMax %150 %24
+       OpStore %58 %151
+%152 = OpLoad %3 %58
+%153 = OpLoad %3 %58
+%154 = OpLoad %3 %58
+%155 = OpCompositeConstruct %25 %152 %153 %154
+       OpStore %47 %155
+       OpBranch %108
+%138 = OpLabel
+       OpBranch %136
+%136 = OpLabel
+%159 = OpLoad %3 %51
+%160 = OpFOrdGreaterThanEqual %33 %159 %36
+       OpSelectionMerge %156 SelectionControl(0)
+       OpBranchConditional %160 %157 %158
+%157 = OpLabel
+%164 = OpLoad %25 %49
+%165 = OpExtInst %25 GLSLstd450 Normalize %164
+%166 = OpLoad %25 %55
+%167 = OpLoad %25 %48
+%168 = OpFSub %25 %166 %167
+%169 = OpExtInst %25 GLSLstd450 Normalize %168
+%170 = OpDot %3 %165 %169
+%171 = OpFOrdLessThanEqual %33 %170 %23
+       OpSelectionMerge %161 SelectionControl(0)
+       OpBranchConditional %171 %162 %163
+%162 = OpLabel
+%172 = OpLoad %25 %49
+%173 = OpExtInst %25 GLSLstd450 Normalize %172
+%174 = OpLoad %25 %55
+%175 = OpLoad %25 %48
+%176 = OpFSub %25 %174 %175
+%177 = OpExtInst %25 GLSLstd450 Normalize %176
+%178 = OpDot %3 %173 %177
+%179 = OpFAdd %3 %178 %37
+%180 = OpExtInst %3 GLSLstd450 FMax %179 %38
+%181 = OpFDiv %3 %180 %39
+%182 = OpLoad %3 %52
+%183 = OpFMul %3 %182 %40
+%184 = OpFSub %3 %23 %183
+%185 = OpFMul %3 %181 %184
+       OpStore %59 %185
+%186 = OpLoad %3 %59
+%187 = OpLoad %3 %59
+%188 = OpLoad %3 %59
+%189 = OpCompositeConstruct %25 %186 %187 %188
+       OpStore %47 %189
+       OpBranch %161
+%163 = OpLabel
+       OpBranch %161
+%161 = OpLabel
+       OpBranch %108
+%158 = OpLabel
+       OpBranch %156
+%156 = OpLabel
+%190 = OpLoad %6 %56
+%191 = OpIAdd %6 %190 %12
+       OpStore %56 %191
+       OpBranch %109
+%109 = OpLabel
+       OpBranch %106
+%108 = OpLabel
+%192 = OpLoad %25 %47
+%193 = OpCompositeExtract %3 %192 0
+%194 = OpLoad %25 %47
+%195 = OpCompositeExtract %3 %194 1
+%196 = OpLoad %25 %47
+%197 = OpCompositeExtract %3 %196 2
+%198 = OpCompositeConstruct %18 %193 %195 %197 %23
+%199 = OpAccessChain %200 %60 %7
+       OpStore %199 %198
+%201 = OpLoad %21 %60
+%202 = OpCompositeExtract %18 %201 0
+       OpStore %20 %202
+       OpReturn
+       OpFunctionEnd

example/shader.spvasm

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-; SPIR-V
-; Version: 1.0
-; Generator: SirLynix Nazara ShaderLang Compiler; 4226
-; Bound: 20
-; Schema: 0
-               OpCapability Shader
-               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
-               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %color
-               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-               OpSource NZSL 4198400
-               OpSourceExtension "Version: 1.1"
-               OpName %FragOut "FragOut"
-               OpMemberName %FragOut 0 "color"
-               OpName %color "color"
-               OpName %main "main"
-               OpDecorate %color Location 0
-               OpMemberDecorate %FragOut 0 Offset 0
-       %void = OpTypeVoid
-          %2 = OpTypeFunction %void
-      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
-    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
-%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
-    %FragOut = OpTypeStruct %v4float
-%_ptr_Function_FragOut = OpTypePointer Function %FragOut
-        %int = OpTypeInt 32 1
-      %int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
-    %float_1 = OpConstant %float 1
-%_ptr_Function_v4float = OpTypePointer Function %v4float
-      %color = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-       %main = OpFunction %void None %2
-         %13 = OpLabel
-         %14 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_FragOut Function
-         %15 = OpCompositeConstruct %v4float %float_1 %float_1 %float_1 %float_1
-         %16 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Function_v4float %14 %int_0
-               OpStore %16 %15
-         %18 = OpLoad %FragOut %14
-         %19 = OpCompositeExtract %v4float %18 0
-               OpStore %color %19
-               OpReturn
-               OpFunctionEnd

sandbox/main.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const spv = @import("spv");
+
+const shader_source = @embedFile("shader.spv");
+
+const SSBO = struct {
+    value: [256]i32 = [_]i32{0} ** 256,
+};
+
+pub fn main() !void {
+    {
+        var gpa: std.heap.DebugAllocator(.{
+            .enable_memory_limit = true,
+        }) = .init;
+        defer _ = gpa.deinit();
+
+        const allocator = gpa.allocator();
+
+        var module = try spv.Module.init(allocator, @ptrCast(@alignCast(shader_source)), .{});
+        defer module.deinit(allocator);
+
+        var rt = try spv.Runtime.init(allocator, &module);
+        defer rt.deinit(allocator);
+
+        const entry = try rt.getEntryPointByName("main");
+
+        var ssbo: SSBO = .{};
+
+        for (0..16) |i| {
+            for (0..16) |x| {
+                const global_invocation_indices = [3]i32{
+                    @as(i32, @intCast(i * 16 + x)),
+                    1,
+                    1,
+                };
+
+                try rt.writeBuiltIn(std.mem.asBytes(&global_invocation_indices), .GlobalInvocationId);
+                try rt.writeDescriptorSet(allocator, std.mem.asBytes(&ssbo), 0, 0);
+                rt.callEntryPoint(allocator, entry) catch |err| switch (err) {
+                    spv.Runtime.RuntimeError.OutOfBounds => continue,
+                    else => return err,
+                };
+                try rt.readDescriptorSet(std.mem.asBytes(&ssbo), 0, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        std.log.info("Output: {any}", .{ssbo});
+
+        std.log.info("Total memory used: {d:.3} KB\n", .{@as(f32, @floatFromInt(gpa.total_requested_bytes)) / 1000.0});
+    }
+    std.log.info("Successfully executed", .{});
+}

sandbox/shader.nzsl

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[nzsl_version("1.1")]
+module;
+
+struct Input
+{
+    [builtin(global_invocation_indices)] indices: vec3[u32]
+}
+
+[layout(std430)]
+struct SSBO
+{
+    data: dyn_array[i32]
+}
+
+external
+{
+    [set(0), binding(0)] ssbo: storage[SSBO],
+}
+
+[entry(compute)]
+[workgroup(16, 1, 1)]
+fn main(input: Input)
+{
+	ssbo.data[input.indices.x] = i32(input.indices.x);
+}

sandbox/shader.spv.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+Version 1.0
+Generator: 2560130
+Bound: 32
+Schema: 0
+      OpCapability Capability(Shader)
+      OpMemoryModel AddressingModel(Logical) MemoryModel(GLSL450)
+      OpEntryPoint ExecutionModel(GLCompute) %17 "main" %11
+      OpExecutionMode %17 ExecutionMode(LocalSize) 16 1 1
+      OpSource SourceLanguage(NZSL) 4198400
+      OpSourceExtension "Version: 1.1"
+      OpName %3 "SSBO"
+      OpMemberName %3 0 "data"
+      OpName %14 "Input"
+      OpMemberName %14 0 "indices"
+      OpName %5 "ssbo"
+      OpName %11 "global_invocation_indices"
+      OpName %17 "main"
+      OpDecorate %5 Decoration(Binding) 0
+      OpDecorate %5 Decoration(DescriptorSet) 0
+      OpDecorate %11 Decoration(BuiltIn) BuiltIn(GlobalInvocationId)
+      OpDecorate %2 Decoration(ArrayStride) 4
+      OpDecorate %3 Decoration(BufferBlock)
+      OpMemberDecorate %3 0 Decoration(Offset) 0
+      OpMemberDecorate %14 0 Decoration(Offset) 0
+ %1 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %2 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %1
+ %3 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %4 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Uniform) %3
+ %6 = OpTypeVoid
+ %7 = OpTypeFunction %6
+ %8 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %9 = OpTypeVector %8 3
+%10 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Input) %9
+%12 = OpConstant %1 i32(0)
+%13 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Function) %9
+%14 = OpTypeStruct %9
+%15 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Function) %14
+%16 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %1
+%26 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Uniform) %2
+%31 = OpTypePointer StorageClass(Uniform) %1
+ %5 = OpVariable %4 StorageClass(Uniform)
+%11 = OpVariable %10 StorageClass(Input)
+%17 = OpFunction %6 FunctionControl(0) %7
+%18 = OpLabel
+%19 = OpVariable %15 StorageClass(Function)
+%20 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %12
+      OpCopyMemory %20 %11
+%21 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %12
+%22 = OpLoad %9 %21
+%23 = OpCompositeExtract %8 %22 0
+%24 = OpBitcast %1 %23
+%25 = OpAccessChain %26 %5 %12
+%27 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %12
+%28 = OpLoad %9 %27
+%29 = OpCompositeExtract %8 %28 0
+%30 = OpAccessChain %31 %25 %29
+      OpStore %30 %24
+      OpReturn
+      OpFunctionEnd

src/GLSL_std_450/GLSL_std_450.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+//! A jam file of translated GLSL std450 header's enums and utils
+
+pub const GLSLstd450Version: u32 = 100;
+pub const GLSLstd450Revision: u32 = 3;
+
+pub const GLSLOp = enum(u32) {
+    Bad = 0,
+    Round = 1,
+    RoundEven = 2,
+    Trunc = 3,
+    FAbs = 4,
+    SAbs = 5,
+    FSign = 6,
+    SSign = 7,
+    Floor = 8,
+    Ceil = 9,
+    Fract = 10,
+    Radians = 11,
+    Degrees = 12,
+    Sin = 13,
+    Cos = 14,
+    Tan = 15,
+    Asin = 16,
+    Acos = 17,
+    Atan = 18,
+    Sinh = 19,
+    Cosh = 20,
+    Tanh = 21,
+    Asinh = 22,
+    Acosh = 23,
+    Atanh = 24,
+    Atan2 = 25,
+    Pow = 26,
+    Exp = 27,
+    Log = 28,
+    Exp2 = 29,
+    Log2 = 30,
+    Sqrt = 31,
+    InverseSqrt = 32,
+    Determinant = 33,
+    MatrixInverse = 34,
+    Modf = 35,
+    ModfStruct = 36,
+    FMin = 37,
+    UMin = 38,
+    SMin = 39,
+    FMax = 40,
+    UMax = 41,
+    SMax = 42,
+    FClamp = 43,
+    UClamp = 44,
+    SClamp = 45,
+    FMix = 46,
+    IMix = 47,
+    Step = 48,
+    SmoothStep = 49,
+    Fma = 50,
+    Frexp = 51,
+    FrexpStruct = 52,
+    Ldexp = 53,
+    PackSnorm4x8 = 54,
+    PackUnorm4x8 = 55,
+    PackSnorm2x16 = 56,
+    PackUnorm2x16 = 57,
+    PackHalf2x16 = 58,
+    PackDouble2x32 = 59,
+    UnpackSnorm2x16 = 60,
+    UnpackUnorm2x16 = 61,
+    UnpackHalf2x16 = 62,
+    UnpackSnorm4x8 = 63,
+    UnpackUnorm4x8 = 64,
+    UnpackDouble2x32 = 65,
+    Length = 66,
+    Distance = 67,
+    Cross = 68,
+    Normalize = 69,
+    FaceForward = 70,
+    Reflect = 71,
+    Refract = 72,
+    FindILsb = 73,
+    FindSMsb = 74,
+    FindUMsb = 75,
+    InterpolateAtCentroid = 76,
+    InterpolateAtSample = 77,
+    InterpolateAtOffset = 78,
+    NMin = 79,
+    NMax = 80,
+    NClamp = 81,
+};
+
+pub const GLSLOpMaxValue: usize = 82;

src/GLSL_std_450/opcodes.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const spv = @import("../spv.zig");
+const ext = @import("GLSL_std_450.zig");
+const opc = @import("../opcodes.zig");
+const zm = @import("zmath");
+
+const Module = @import("../Module.zig");
+const Runtime = @import("../Runtime.zig");
+const Result = @import("../Result.zig");
+const WordIterator = @import("../WordIterator.zig");
+
+const RuntimeError = Runtime.RuntimeError;
+const ValueType = opc.ValueType;
+
+const getValuePrimitiveField = opc.getValuePrimitiveField;
+const getValuePrimitiveFieldType = opc.getValuePrimitiveFieldType;
+
+const SpvVoid = spv.SpvVoid;
+const SpvByte = spv.SpvByte;
+const SpvWord = spv.SpvWord;
+const SpvBool = spv.SpvBool;
+
+const MathOp = enum {
+    Acos,
+    Acosh,
+    Asin,
+    Asinh,
+    Atan,
+    Atan2,
+    Atanh,
+    Ceil,
+    Cos,
+    Cosh,
+    Determinant,
+    Exp,
+    Exp2,
+    FAbs,
+    FClamp,
+    FMax,
+    FMin,
+    FMix,
+    FSign,
+    Floor,
+    Fract,
+    IMix,
+    InverseSqrt,
+    Log,
+    Log2,
+    Modf,
+    Pow,
+    Round,
+    RoundEven,
+    SAbs,
+    SClamp,
+    SMax,
+    SMin,
+    SSign,
+    Sin,
+    Sinh,
+    Sqrt,
+    Tan,
+    Tanh,
+    Trunc,
+    UClamp,
+    UMax,
+    UMin,
+};
+
+pub const OpCodeExtFunc = opc.OpCodeExtFunc;
+
+/// Not an EnumMap as it is way too slow for this purpose
+pub var runtime_dispatcher = [_]?OpCodeExtFunc{null} ** ext.GLSLOpMaxValue;
+
+pub fn initRuntimeDispatcher() void {
+    // zig fmt: off
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Ceil)]      = MathEngine(.Float, .Ceil).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Cos)]       = MathEngine(.Float, .Cos).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Exp)]       = MathEngine(.Float, .Exp).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Exp2)]      = MathEngine(.Float, .Exp2).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.FAbs)]      = MathEngine(.Float, .FAbs).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.FMax)]      = MathEngine(.Float, .FMax).opDoubleOperators;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Floor)]     = MathEngine(.Float, .Floor).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Length)]    = opLength;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Log)]       = MathEngine(.Float, .Log).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Log2)]      = MathEngine(.Float, .Log2).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Normalize)] = opNormalize;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Round)]     = MathEngine(.Float, .Round).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.SAbs)]      = MathEngine(.SInt,  .SAbs).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Sin)]       = MathEngine(.Float, .Sin).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Sqrt)]      = MathEngine(.Float, .Sqrt).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Tan)]       = MathEngine(.Float, .Tan).opSingleOperator;
+    runtime_dispatcher[@intFromEnum(ext.GLSLOp.Trunc)]     = MathEngine(.Float, .Trunc).opSingleOperator;
+    // zig fmt: on
+}
+
+fn MathEngine(comptime T: ValueType, comptime Op: MathOp) type {
+    return struct {
+        fn opSingleOperator(_: std.mem.Allocator, target_type_id: SpvWord, id: SpvWord, _: SpvWord, rt: *Runtime) RuntimeError!void {
+            const target_type = (try rt.results[target_type_id].getVariant()).Type;
+            const dst = try rt.results[id].getValue();
+            const src = try rt.results[try rt.it.next()].getValue();
+
+            const lane_bits = try Result.resolveLaneBitWidth(target_type, rt);
+
+            const operator = struct {
+                fn operation(comptime TT: type, x: TT) RuntimeError!TT {
+                    return switch (Op) {
+                        .Ceil => @ceil(x),
+                        .Cos => @cos(x),
+                        .Exp => @exp(x),
+                        .Exp2 => @exp2(x),
+                        .FAbs => @abs(x),
+                        .Floor => @floor(x),
+                        .Log => @log(x),
+                        .Log2 => @log2(x),
+                        .Round => @round(x),
+                        .SAbs => if (comptime @typeInfo(TT) == .int) @intCast(@abs(x)) else return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+                        .Sin => @sin(x),
+                        .Sqrt => @sqrt(x),
+                        .Tan => @tan(x),
+                        .Trunc => @trunc(x),
+                        else => RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+                    };
+                }
+
+                fn applyScalar(bit_count: SpvWord, d: *Result.Value, s: *const Result.Value) RuntimeError!void {
+                    switch (bit_count) {
+                        inline 8, 16, 32, 64 => |bits| {
+                            if (bits == 8 and T == .Float) return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV;
+
+                            const ScalarT = getValuePrimitiveFieldType(T, bits);
+                            const d_field = try getValuePrimitiveField(T, bits, d);
+                            const s_field = try getValuePrimitiveField(T, bits, @constCast(s));
+                            d_field.* = try operation(ScalarT, s_field.*);
+                        },
+                        else => return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            switch (dst.*) {
+                .Int, .Float => try operator.applyScalar(lane_bits, dst, src),
+
+                .Vector => |dst_vec| for (dst_vec, src.Vector) |*d_lane, s_lane| {
+                    try operator.applyScalar(lane_bits, d_lane, &s_lane);
+                },
+
+                .Vector4f32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(4, f32), src.Vector4f32),
+                .Vector3f32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(3, f32), src.Vector3f32),
+                .Vector2f32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(2, f32), src.Vector2f32),
+
+                //.Vector4i32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(4, i32), src.Vector4i32),
+                //.Vector3i32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(3, i32), src.Vector3i32),
+                //.Vector2i32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(2, i32), src.Vector2i32),
+
+                //.Vector4u32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(4, u32), src.Vector4u32),
+                //.Vector3u32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(3, u32), src.Vector3u32),
+                //.Vector2u32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(2, u32), src.Vector2u32),
+
+                else => return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn opDoubleOperators(_: std.mem.Allocator, target_type_id: SpvWord, id: SpvWord, _: SpvWord, rt: *Runtime) RuntimeError!void {
+            const target_type = (try rt.results[target_type_id].getVariant()).Type;
+            const dst = try rt.results[id].getValue();
+            const lhs = try rt.results[try rt.it.next()].getValue();
+            const rhs = try rt.results[try rt.it.next()].getValue();
+
+            const lane_bits = try Result.resolveLaneBitWidth(target_type, rt);
+
+            const operator = struct {
+                fn operation(comptime TT: type, l: TT, r: TT) RuntimeError!TT {
+                    return switch (Op) {
+                        .FMax => @max(l, r),
+                        else => RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+                    };
+                }
+
+                fn applyScalar(bit_count: SpvWord, d: *Result.Value, l: *const Result.Value, r: *const Result.Value) RuntimeError!void {
+                    switch (bit_count) {
+                        inline 8, 16, 32, 64 => |bits| {
+                            if (bits == 8 and T == .Float) return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV;
+
+                            const ScalarT = getValuePrimitiveFieldType(T, bits);
+                            const d_field = try getValuePrimitiveField(T, bits, d);
+                            const l_field = try getValuePrimitiveField(T, bits, @constCast(l));
+                            const r_field = try getValuePrimitiveField(T, bits, @constCast(r));
+                            d_field.* = try operation(ScalarT, l_field.*, r_field.*);
+                        },
+                        else => return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            switch (dst.*) {
+                .Int, .Float => try operator.applyScalar(lane_bits, dst, lhs, rhs),
+
+                .Vector => |dst_vec| for (dst_vec, lhs.Vector, rhs.Vector) |*d_lane, l_lane, r_lane| {
+                    try operator.applyScalar(lane_bits, d_lane, &l_lane, &r_lane);
+                },
+
+                .Vector4f32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(4, f32), lhs.Vector4f32, rhs.Vector4f32),
+                .Vector3f32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(3, f32), lhs.Vector3f32, rhs.Vector3f32),
+                .Vector2f32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(2, f32), lhs.Vector2f32, rhs.Vector2f32),
+
+                .Vector4i32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(4, i32), lhs.Vector4i32, rhs.Vector4i32),
+                .Vector3i32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(3, i32), lhs.Vector3i32, rhs.Vector3i32),
+                .Vector2i32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(2, i32), lhs.Vector2i32, rhs.Vector2i32),
+
+                .Vector4u32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(4, u32), lhs.Vector4u32, rhs.Vector4u32),
+                .Vector3u32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(3, u32), lhs.Vector3u32, rhs.Vector3u32),
+                .Vector2u32 => |*d| d.* = try operator.operation(@Vector(2, u32), lhs.Vector2u32, rhs.Vector2u32),
+
+                else => return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+fn opLength(_: std.mem.Allocator, target_type_id: SpvWord, id: SpvWord, _: SpvWord, rt: *Runtime) RuntimeError!void {
+    const target_type = (try rt.results[target_type_id].getVariant()).Type;
+    const dst = try rt.results[id].getValue();
+    const src = try rt.results[try rt.it.next()].getValue();
+
+    const lane_bits = try Result.resolveLaneBitWidth(target_type, rt);
+
+    switch (lane_bits) {
+        inline 16, 32, 64 => |bits| {
+            var sum: std.meta.Float(bits) = 0.0;
+            const d_field = try getValuePrimitiveField(.Float, bits, dst);
+
+            if (bits == 32) { // More likely to be SIMD if f32
+                switch (src.*) {
+                    .Vector4f32 => |src_vec| {
+                        d_field.* = zm.length4(src_vec)[0];
+                        return;
+                    },
+                    .Vector3f32 => |src_vec| {
+                        d_field.* = zm.length3(zm.f32x4(src_vec[0], src_vec[1], src_vec[2], 0.0))[0];
+                        return;
+                    },
+                    .Vector2f32 => |src_vec| {
+                        d_field.* = zm.length2(zm.f32x4(src_vec[0], src_vec[1], 0.0, 0.0))[0];
+                        return;
+                    },
+                    else => {},
+                }
+            }
+
+            switch (src.*) {
+                .Float => {
+                    // Fast path
+                    const s_field = try getValuePrimitiveField(.Float, bits, src);
+                    d_field.* = s_field.*;
+                    return;
+                },
+                .Vector => |src_vec| for (src_vec) |*s_lane| {
+                    const s_field = try getValuePrimitiveField(.Float, bits, s_lane);
+                    sum += s_field.*;
+                },
+                else => return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+            }
+
+            d_field.* = @sqrt(sum);
+        },
+        else => return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+    }
+}
+
+fn opNormalize(_: std.mem.Allocator, target_type_id: SpvWord, id: SpvWord, _: SpvWord, rt: *Runtime) RuntimeError!void {
+    const target_type = (try rt.results[target_type_id].getVariant()).Type;
+    const dst = try rt.results[id].getValue();
+    const src = try rt.results[try rt.it.next()].getValue();
+
+    const lane_bits = try Result.resolveLaneBitWidth(target_type, rt);
+
+    switch (lane_bits) {
+        inline 16, 32, 64 => |bits| {
+            if (bits == 32) { // More likely to be SIMD if f32
+                switch (src.*) {
+                    .Vector4f32 => |src_vec| {
+                        dst.Vector4f32 = zm.normalize4(src_vec);
+                        return;
+                    },
+                    .Vector3f32 => |src_vec| {
+                        const normed = zm.normalize3(zm.f32x4(src_vec[0], src_vec[1], src_vec[2], 0.0));
+                        dst.Vector3f32[0] = normed[0];
+                        dst.Vector3f32[1] = normed[1];
+                        dst.Vector3f32[2] = normed[2];
+                        return;
+                    },
+                    .Vector2f32 => |src_vec| {
+                        const normed = zm.normalize2(zm.f32x4(src_vec[0], src_vec[1], 0.0, 0.0));
+                        dst.Vector2f32[0] = normed[0];
+                        dst.Vector2f32[1] = normed[1];
+                        return;
+                    },
+                    else => {},
+                }
+            }
+
+            var sum: std.meta.Float(bits) = 0.0;
+
+            switch (src.*) {
+                .Float => {
+                    const s_field = try getValuePrimitiveField(.Float, bits, src);
+                    sum = s_field.*;
+                },
+                .Vector => |src_vec| for (src_vec) |*s_lane| {
+                    const s_field = try getValuePrimitiveField(.Float, bits, s_lane);
+                    sum += s_field.*;
+                },
+                else => return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+            }
+
+            sum = @sqrt(sum);
+
+            switch (dst.*) {
+                .Vector => |dst_vec| for (dst_vec, src.Vector) |*d_lane, *s_lane| {
+                    const d_field = try getValuePrimitiveField(.Float, bits, d_lane);
+                    const s_field = try getValuePrimitiveField(.Float, bits, s_lane);
+                    d_field.* = s_field.* / sum;
+                },
+                else => return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+            }
+        },
+        else => return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+    }
+}

src/Module.zig

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ const Value = Result.Value;
 
 const Self = @This();
 
+pub const ModuleOptions = struct {
+    use_simd_vectors_specializations: bool = true,
+};
+
 const SpvEntryPoint = struct {
     exec_model: spv.SpvExecutionModel,
     id: SpvWord,
@@ -26,20 +30,16 @@ const SpvEntryPoint = struct {
     globals: []SpvWord,
 };
 
-const SpvSource = struct {
+pub const ModuleError = error{
-    file_name: []const u8,
-    lang: spv.SpvSourceLanguage,
-    lang_version: SpvWord,
-    source: []const u8,
-};
-
-const ModuleError = error{
     InvalidSpirV,
     InvalidMagic,
     UnsupportedEndianness,
+    UnsupportedExtension,
     OutOfMemory,
 };
 
+options: ModuleOptions,
+
 it: WordIterator,
 
 version_major: SpvByte,
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ code: []const SpvWord,
 addressing: spv.SpvAddressingModel,
 memory_model: spv.SpvMemoryModel,
 
-files: std.ArrayList(SpvSource),
 extensions: std.ArrayList([]const u8),
 
 results: []Result,
@@ -72,26 +71,26 @@ geometry_output_count: SpvWord,
 geometry_input: SpvWord,
 geometry_output: SpvWord,
 
-input_locations: std.AutoHashMap(SpvWord, []Value),
+input_locations: [lib.SPIRV_MAX_INPUT_LOCATIONS]SpvWord,
-output_locations: std.AutoHashMap(SpvWord, []Value),
+output_locations: [lib.SPIRV_MAX_OUTPUT_LOCATIONS]SpvWord,
-bindings: std.AutoHashMap(SpvBinding, []Value),
+bindings: [lib.SPIRV_MAX_SET][lib.SPIRV_MAX_SET_BINDINGS]SpvWord,
+builtins: std.EnumMap(spv.SpvBuiltIn, SpvWord),
 push_constants: []Value,
 
-pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, source: []const SpvWord) ModuleError!Self {
+pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, source: []const SpvWord, options: ModuleOptions) ModuleError!Self {
     var self: Self = std.mem.zeroInit(Self, .{
+        .options = options,
         .code = allocator.dupe(SpvWord, source) catch return ModuleError.OutOfMemory,
-        .files = std.ArrayList(SpvSource).empty,
         .extensions = std.ArrayList([]const u8).empty,
         .entry_points = std.ArrayList(SpvEntryPoint).empty,
         .capabilities = std.EnumSet(spv.SpvCapability).initEmpty(),
         .local_size_x = 1,
         .local_size_y = 1,
         .local_size_z = 1,
-        .input_locations = std.AutoHashMap(SpvWord, []Value).init(allocator),
-        .output_locations = std.AutoHashMap(SpvWord, []Value).init(allocator),
-        .bindings = std.AutoHashMap(SpvBinding, []Value).init(allocator),
     });
-    errdefer self.deinit(allocator);
+    errdefer allocator.free(self.code);
+
+    op.initRuntimeDispatcher();
 
     self.it = WordIterator.init(self.code);
 
@@ -113,9 +112,16 @@ pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, source: []const SpvWord) ModuleError!S
 
     self.bound = self.it.next() catch return ModuleError.InvalidSpirV;
     self.results = allocator.alloc(Result, self.bound) catch return ModuleError.OutOfMemory;
+    errdefer allocator.free(self.results);
+
     for (self.results) |*result| {
         result.* = Result.init();
     }
+    errdefer {
+        for (self.results) |*result| {
+            result.deinit(allocator);
+        }
+    }
 
     _ = self.it.skip(); // Skip schema
 
@@ -159,10 +165,15 @@ pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, source: []const SpvWord) ModuleError!S
             capabilities,
             entry_points,
         });
-
-        //@import("pretty").print(allocator, self.results, .{ .tab_size = 4, .max_depth = 0 }) catch return ModuleError.OutOfMemory;
     }
 
+    //@import("pretty").print(allocator, self.results, .{
+    //    .tab_size = 4,
+    //    .max_depth = 0,
+    //    .struct_max_len = 0,
+    //    .array_max_len = 0,
+    //}) catch return ModuleError.OutOfMemory;
+
     return self;
 }
 
@@ -198,29 +209,54 @@ fn pass(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) ModuleError!void {
 
 fn populateMaps(self: *Self) ModuleError!void {
     for (self.results, 0..) |result, id| {
-        if (result.variant == null or std.meta.activeTag(result.variant.?) != .Variable) continue;
+        if (result.variant == null or std.meta.activeTag(result.variant.?) != .Variable)
-        const variable = result.variant.?.Variable;
+            continue;
-        switch (variable.storage_class) {
+
-            .Output => for (result.decorations.items) |decoration| switch (decoration.rtype) {
+        var set: ?usize = null;
-                .Location => self.output_locations.put(@intCast(id), variable.values) catch return ModuleError.OutOfMemory,
+        var binding: ?usize = null;
+
+        for (result.decorations.items) |decoration| {
+            switch (result.variant.?.Variable.storage_class) {
+                .Input => {
+                    switch (decoration.rtype) {
+                        .BuiltIn => self.builtins.put(
+                            std.enums.fromInt(spv.SpvBuiltIn, decoration.literal_1) orelse return ModuleError.InvalidSpirV,
+                            @intCast(id),
+                        ),
+                        .Location => self.input_locations[decoration.literal_1] = @intCast(id),
+                        else => {},
+                    }
+                },
+                .Output => {
+                    if (decoration.rtype == .Location)
+                        self.output_locations[decoration.literal_1] = @intCast(id);
+                },
+                .StorageBuffer,
+                .Uniform,
+                .UniformConstant,
+                => {
+                    switch (decoration.rtype) {
+                        .Binding => binding = decoration.literal_1,
+                        .DescriptorSet => set = decoration.literal_1,
+                        else => {},
+                    }
+                },
                 else => {},
-            },
+            }
-            else => {},
+        }
+        if (set != null and binding != null) {
+            self.bindings[set.?][binding.?] = @intCast(id);
         }
     }
 }
 
 pub fn deinit(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
     allocator.free(self.code);
-    self.input_locations.deinit();
-    self.output_locations.deinit();
-    self.bindings.deinit();
     for (self.entry_points.items) |entry| {
         allocator.free(entry.name);
         allocator.free(entry.globals);
     }
     self.entry_points.deinit(allocator);
-    self.files.deinit(allocator);
 
     for (self.extensions.items) |ext| {
         allocator.free(ext);

src/Result.zig

@@ -1,13 +1,27 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const spv = @import("spv.zig");
+const op = @import("opcodes.zig");
 
-const RuntimeError = @import("Runtime.zig").RuntimeError;
+const Runtime = @import("Runtime.zig");
+const RuntimeError = Runtime.RuntimeError;
 
 const SpvVoid = spv.SpvVoid;
 const SpvByte = spv.SpvByte;
 const SpvWord = spv.SpvWord;
 const SpvBool = spv.SpvBool;
 
+pub const Vec4f32 = @Vector(4, f32);
+pub const Vec3f32 = @Vector(3, f32);
+pub const Vec2f32 = @Vector(2, f32);
+
+pub const Vec4i32 = @Vector(4, i32);
+pub const Vec3i32 = @Vector(3, i32);
+pub const Vec2i32 = @Vector(2, i32);
+
+pub const Vec4u32 = @Vector(4, u32);
+pub const Vec3u32 = @Vector(3, u32);
+pub const Vec2u32 = @Vector(2, u32);
+
 pub const Variant = enum {
     String,
     Extension,
@@ -26,6 +40,15 @@ pub const Type = enum {
     Int,
     Float,
     Vector,
+    Vector4f32,
+    Vector3f32,
+    Vector2f32,
+    Vector4i32,
+    Vector3i32,
+    Vector2i32,
+    Vector4u32,
+    Vector3u32,
+    Vector2u32,
     Matrix,
     Array,
     RuntimeArray,
@@ -57,89 +80,168 @@ const Decoration = struct {
 pub const Value = union(Type) {
     Void: struct {},
     Bool: bool,
-    Int: extern union {
+    Int: struct {
-        sint8: i8,
+        bit_count: usize,
-        sint16: i16,
+        value: extern union {
-        sint32: i32,
+            sint8: i8,
-        sint64: i64,
+            sint16: i16,
-        uint8: u8,
+            sint32: i32,
-        uint16: u16,
+            sint64: i64,
-        uint32: u32,
+            uint8: u8,
-        uint64: u64,
+            uint16: u16,
+            uint32: u32,
+            uint64: u64,
+        },
     },
-    Float: extern union {
+    Float: struct {
-        float16: f16,
+        bit_count: usize,
-        float32: f32,
+        value: extern union {
-        float64: f64,
+            float16: f16,
+            float32: f32,
+            float64: f64,
+        },
     },
     Vector: []Value,
+    Vector4f32: Vec4f32,
+    Vector3f32: Vec3f32,
+    Vector2f32: Vec2f32,
+    Vector4i32: Vec4i32,
+    Vector3i32: Vec3i32,
+    Vector2i32: Vec2i32,
+    Vector4u32: Vec4u32,
+    Vector3u32: Vec3u32,
+    Vector2u32: Vec2u32,
     Matrix: []Value,
-    Array: struct {},
+    Array: []Value,
-    RuntimeArray: struct {},
+    RuntimeArray: ?[]Value,
     Structure: []Value,
-    Function: struct {},
+    Function: noreturn,
     Image: struct {},
     Sampler: struct {},
     SampledImage: struct {},
-    Pointer: struct {},
+    Pointer: union(enum) {
+        common: *Value,
+        f32_ptr: *f32,
+        i32_ptr: *i32, //< For vector specializations
+        u32_ptr: *u32,
+    },
 
-    fn initMembers(self: *Value, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, results: []const Self, target: SpvWord) RuntimeError!void {
+    pub inline fn getCompositeDataOrNull(self: *const Value) ?[]Value {
+        return switch (self.*) {
+            .Vector, .Matrix, .Array, .Structure => |v| v,
+            .RuntimeArray => |v| v,
+            else => null,
+        };
+    }
+
+    fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, results: []const Self, target: SpvWord) RuntimeError!Value {
         const resolved = results[target].resolveType(results);
         const member_count = resolved.getMemberCounts();
 
-        switch (resolved.variant.?) {
+        return switch (resolved.variant.?) {
             .Type => |t| switch (t) {
-                .Bool, .Int, .Float => std.debug.assert(member_count == 1),
+                .Bool => .{ .Bool = false },
-                .Structure => |s| {
+                .Int => |i| .{ .Int = .{
-                    self.* = .{
+                    .bit_count = i.bit_length,
-                        .Structure = allocator.alloc(Value, member_count) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory,
+                    .value = .{ .uint64 = 0 },
-                    };
+                } },
-                    for (self.Structure, s.members) |*value, member| {
+                .Float => |f| .{ .Float = .{
-                        value.* = switch (member) {
+                    .bit_count = f.bit_length,
-                            inline else => |tag| @unionInit(Value, @tagName(tag), undefined),
+                    .value = .{ .float64 = 0 },
-                        };
+                } },
-                    }
+                .Vector => |v| blk: {
-                },
+                    var self: Value = .{ .Vector = allocator.alloc(Value, member_count) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory };
-                .Matrix => |m| {
+                    errdefer self.deinit(allocator);
-                    self.* = .{
+
-                        .Matrix = allocator.alloc(Value, member_count) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory,
-                    };
-                    for (self.Matrix) |*value| {
-                        value.* = switch (m.column_type) {
-                            inline else => |tag| @unionInit(Value, @tagName(tag), undefined),
-                        };
-                    }
-                },
-                .Array => |a| {
-                    _ = a;
-                },
-                .Vector => |v| {
-                    self.* = .{
-                        .Vector = allocator.alloc(Value, member_count) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory,
-                    };
                     for (self.Vector) |*value| {
-                        value.* = switch (v.components_type) {
+                        value.* = try Value.init(allocator, results, v.components_type_word);
-                            inline else => |tag| @unionInit(Value, @tagName(tag), undefined),
-                        };
                     }
+                    break :blk self;
                 },
-                else => {},
+                .Vector4f32 => .{ .Vector4f32 = Vec4f32{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 } },
+                .Vector3f32 => .{ .Vector3f32 = Vec3f32{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 } },
+                .Vector2f32 => .{ .Vector2f32 = Vec2f32{ 0.0, 0.0 } },
+                .Vector4i32 => .{ .Vector4i32 = Vec4i32{ 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+                .Vector3i32 => .{ .Vector3i32 = Vec3i32{ 0, 0, 0 } },
+                .Vector2i32 => .{ .Vector2i32 = Vec2i32{ 0, 0 } },
+                .Vector4u32 => .{ .Vector4u32 = Vec4u32{ 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+                .Vector3u32 => .{ .Vector3u32 = Vec3u32{ 0, 0, 0 } },
+                .Vector2u32 => .{ .Vector2u32 = Vec2u32{ 0, 0 } },
+                .Matrix => |m| blk: {
+                    var self: Value = .{ .Matrix = allocator.alloc(Value, member_count) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory };
+                    errdefer self.deinit(allocator);
+
+                    for (self.Matrix) |*value| {
+                        value.* = try Value.init(allocator, results, m.column_type_word);
+                    }
+                    break :blk self;
+                },
+                .Array => |a| blk: {
+                    var self: Value = .{ .Array = allocator.alloc(Value, member_count) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory };
+                    errdefer self.deinit(allocator);
+
+                    for (self.Array) |*value| {
+                        value.* = try Value.init(allocator, results, a.components_type_word);
+                    }
+                    break :blk self;
+                },
+                .Structure => |s| blk: {
+                    var self: Value = .{ .Structure = allocator.alloc(Value, member_count) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory };
+                    errdefer self.deinit(allocator);
+
+                    for (self.Structure, s.members_type_word) |*value, member_type_word| {
+                        value.* = try Value.init(allocator, results, member_type_word);
+                    }
+                    break :blk self;
+                },
+                .RuntimeArray => .{ .RuntimeArray = null },
+                else => unreachable,
             },
-            else => {},
+            else => unreachable,
-        }
+        };
     }
 
     /// Performs a deep copy
-    fn dupe(self: *const Value, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) RuntimeError!Value {
+    pub fn dupe(self: *const Value, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) RuntimeError!Value {
         return switch (self.*) {
             .Vector => |v| .{
-                .Vector = allocator.dupe(Value, v) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory,
+                .Vector = blk: {
+                    const values = allocator.dupe(Value, v) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory;
+                    for (values, v) |*new_value, value| new_value.* = try value.dupe(allocator);
+                    break :blk values;
+                },
             },
             .Matrix => |m| .{
-                .Matrix = allocator.dupe(Value, m) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory,
+                .Matrix = blk: {
+                    const values = allocator.dupe(Value, m) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory;
+                    for (values, m) |*new_value, value| new_value.* = try value.dupe(allocator);
+                    break :blk values;
+                },
+            },
+            .Array => |a| .{
+                .Array = blk: {
+                    const values = allocator.dupe(Value, a) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory;
+                    for (values, a) |*new_value, value| new_value.* = try value.dupe(allocator);
+                    break :blk values;
+                },
+            },
+            .RuntimeArray => |opt_a| .{
+                .RuntimeArray = blk: {
+                    if (opt_a) |a| {
+                        const values = allocator.dupe(Value, a) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory;
+                        for (values, a) |*new_value, value| new_value.* = try value.dupe(allocator);
+                        break :blk values;
+                    } else {
+                        break :blk null;
+                    }
+                },
             },
             .Structure => |s| .{
-                .Structure = allocator.dupe(Value, s) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory,
+                .Structure = blk: {
+                    const values = allocator.dupe(Value, s) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory;
+                    for (values, s) |*new_value, value| new_value.* = try value.dupe(allocator);
+                    break :blk values;
+                },
             },
             else => self.*,
         };
@@ -147,90 +249,145 @@ pub const Value = union(Type) {
 
     fn deinit(self: *Value, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
         switch (self.*) {
-            .Structure => |values| allocator.free(values),
+            .Vector, .Matrix, .Array, .Structure => |values| {
-            .Matrix => |values| allocator.free(values),
+                for (values) |*value| value.deinit(allocator);
-            .Vector => |values| allocator.free(values),
+                allocator.free(values);
+            },
+            .RuntimeArray => |opt_values| if (opt_values) |values| {
+                for (values) |*value| value.deinit(allocator);
+                allocator.free(values);
+            },
             else => {},
         }
     }
 };
 
-const Self = @This();
+pub const TypeData = union(Type) {
-
+    Void: struct {},
-name: ?[]const u8,
+    Bool: struct {},
-
+    Int: struct {
-decorations: std.ArrayList(Decoration),
+        bit_length: SpvWord,
-
+        is_signed: bool,
-parent: ?*const Self,
-
-variant: ?union(Variant) {
-    String: []const u8,
-    Extension: struct {},
-    Type: union(Type) {
-        Void: struct {},
-        Bool: struct {},
-        Int: struct {
-            bit_length: SpvWord,
-            is_signed: bool,
-        },
-        Float: struct {
-            bit_length: SpvWord,
-        },
-        Vector: struct {
-            components_type_word: SpvWord,
-            components_type: Type,
-            member_count: SpvWord,
-        },
-        Matrix: struct {
-            column_type_word: SpvWord,
-            column_type: Type,
-            member_count: SpvWord,
-        },
-        Array: struct {},
-        RuntimeArray: struct {},
-        Structure: struct {
-            members_type_word: []const SpvWord,
-            members: []Type,
-            member_names: std.ArrayList([]const u8),
-        },
-        Function: struct {
-            source_location: usize,
-            return_type: SpvWord,
-            params: []const SpvWord,
-        },
-        Image: struct {},
-        Sampler: struct {},
-        SampledImage: struct {},
-        Pointer: struct {
-            storage_class: spv.SpvStorageClass,
-            target: SpvWord,
-        },
     },
+    Float: struct {
+        bit_length: SpvWord,
+    },
+    Vector: struct {
+        components_type_word: SpvWord,
+        components_type: Type,
+        member_count: SpvWord,
+    },
+    Vector4f32: struct {},
+    Vector3f32: struct {},
+    Vector2f32: struct {},
+    Vector4i32: struct {},
+    Vector3i32: struct {},
+    Vector2i32: struct {},
+    Vector4u32: struct {},
+    Vector3u32: struct {},
+    Vector2u32: struct {},
+    Matrix: struct {
+        column_type_word: SpvWord,
+        column_type: Type,
+        member_count: SpvWord,
+    },
+    Array: struct {
+        components_type_word: SpvWord,
+        components_type: Type,
+        member_count: SpvWord,
+    },
+    RuntimeArray: struct {
+        components_type_word: SpvWord,
+        components_type: Type,
+    },
+    Structure: struct {
+        members_type_word: []const SpvWord,
+        member_names: std.ArrayList([]const u8),
+    },
+    Function: struct {
+        source_location: usize,
+        return_type: SpvWord,
+        params: []const SpvWord,
+    },
+    Image: struct {},
+    Sampler: struct {},
+    SampledImage: struct {},
+    Pointer: struct {
+        storage_class: spv.SpvStorageClass,
+        target: SpvWord,
+    },
+
+    pub fn getSize(self: *const TypeData, results: []const Self) usize {
+        return switch (self.*) {
+            .Bool => 1,
+            .Int => |i| @divExact(i.bit_length, 8),
+            .Float => |f| @divExact(f.bit_length, 8),
+            .Vector => |v| results[v.components_type_word].variant.?.Type.getSize(results),
+            .Array => |a| results[a.components_type_word].variant.?.Type.getSize(results),
+            .Matrix => |m| results[m.column_type_word].variant.?.Type.getSize(results),
+            .RuntimeArray => |a| results[a.components_type_word].variant.?.Type.getSize(results),
+            .Structure => |s| blk: {
+                var total: usize = 0;
+                for (s.members_type_word) |type_word| {
+                    total += results[type_word].variant.?.Type.getSize(results);
+                }
+                break :blk total;
+            },
+            .Vector4f32, .Vector4i32, .Vector4u32 => 4 * 4,
+            .Vector3f32, .Vector3i32, .Vector3u32 => 3 * 4,
+            .Vector2f32, .Vector2i32, .Vector2u32 => 2 * 4,
+            else => 0,
+        };
+    }
+};
+
+pub const VariantData = union(Variant) {
+    String: []const u8,
+    Extension: struct {
+        /// Should not be allocated but rather a pointer to a static array
+        dispatcher: []?op.OpCodeExtFunc,
+    },
+    Type: TypeData,
     Variable: struct {
         storage_class: spv.SpvStorageClass,
-        values: []Value,
+        type_word: SpvWord,
+        type: Type,
+        value: Value,
+    },
+    Constant: struct {
+        type_word: SpvWord,
+        type: Type,
+        value: Value,
     },
-    Constant: []Value,
     Function: struct {
         source_location: usize,
         return_type: SpvWord,
         function_type: SpvWord,
-        params: []const SpvWord,
+        params: []SpvWord,
     },
     AccessChain: struct {
         target: SpvWord,
-        values: []Value,
+        value: Value,
+    },
+    FunctionParameter: struct {
+        type_word: SpvWord,
+        type: Type,
+        value_ptr: ?*Value,
     },
-    FunctionParameter: struct {},
     Label: struct {
         source_location: usize,
     },
-},
+};
+
+const Self = @This();
+
+name: ?[]const u8,
+decorations: std.ArrayList(Decoration),
+variant: ?VariantData,
 
 pub fn init() Self {
     return .{
         .name = null,
-        .parent = null,
         .decorations = .empty,
         .variant = null,
     };
@@ -246,7 +403,6 @@ pub fn deinit(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
                 .Function => |data| allocator.free(data.params),
                 .Structure => |*data| {
                     allocator.free(data.members_type_word);
-                    allocator.free(data.members);
                     for (data.member_names.items) |name| {
                         allocator.free(name);
                     }
@@ -254,26 +410,67 @@ pub fn deinit(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
                 },
                 else => {},
             },
-            .Constant => |values| {
+            .Constant => |*c| c.value.deinit(allocator),
-                for (values) |*value| value.deinit(allocator);
+            .Variable => |*v| v.value.deinit(allocator),
-                allocator.free(values);
+            .Function => |f| allocator.free(f.params),
-            },
-            .Variable => |v| {
-                for (v.values) |*value| value.deinit(allocator);
-                allocator.free(v.values);
-            },
             else => {},
         }
     }
     self.decorations.deinit(allocator);
 }
 
+pub inline fn getValueTypeWord(self: *Self) RuntimeError!SpvWord {
+    return switch ((try self.getVariant()).*) {
+        .Variable => |v| v.type_word,
+        .Constant => |c| c.type_word,
+        .AccessChain => |a| a.target,
+        .FunctionParameter => |p| p.type_word,
+        else => RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+    };
+}
+
+pub inline fn getValueType(self: *Self) RuntimeError!Type {
+    return switch ((try self.getVariant()).*) {
+        .Variable => |v| v.type,
+        .Constant => |c| c.type,
+        .FunctionParameter => |p| p.type,
+        else => RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+    };
+}
+
+pub inline fn getValue(self: *Self) RuntimeError!*Value {
+    return switch ((try self.getVariant()).*) {
+        .Variable => |*v| &v.value,
+        .Constant => |*c| &c.value,
+        .AccessChain => |*a| &a.value,
+        .FunctionParameter => |*p| p.value_ptr orelse return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+        else => RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+    };
+}
+
+pub inline fn getConstValue(self: *Self) RuntimeError!*const Value {
+    return switch ((try self.getVariant()).*) {
+        .Variable => |v| &v.value,
+        .Constant => |c| &c.value,
+        .AccessChain => |a| &a.value,
+        .FunctionParameter => |p| p.value_ptr orelse return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+        else => RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+    };
+}
+
+pub inline fn getVariant(self: *Self) RuntimeError!*VariantData {
+    return &(self.variant orelse return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV);
+}
+
+pub inline fn getConstVariant(self: *const Self) RuntimeError!*const VariantData {
+    return &(self.variant orelse return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV);
+}
+
 /// Performs a deep copy
 pub fn dupe(self: *const Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) RuntimeError!Self {
     return .{
         .name = if (self.name) |name| allocator.dupe(u8, name) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory else null,
         .decorations = self.decorations.clone(allocator) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory,
-        .parent = self.parent,
         .variant = blk: {
             if (self.variant) |variant| {
                 switch (variant) {
@@ -285,7 +482,6 @@ pub fn dupe(self: *const Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) RuntimeError!Self {
                             .Type = .{
                                 .Structure = .{
                                     .members_type_word = allocator.dupe(SpvWord, s.members_type_word) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory,
-                                    .members = allocator.dupe(Type, s.members) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory,
                                     .member_names = blk2: {
                                         const member_names = s.member_names.clone(allocator) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory;
                                         for (member_names.items, s.member_names.items) |*new_name, name| {
@@ -305,27 +501,21 @@ pub fn dupe(self: *const Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) RuntimeError!Self {
                                 },
                             },
                         },
-                        else => {},
+                        else => break :blk .{ .Type = t },
                     },
                     .Variable => |v| break :blk .{
                         .Variable = .{
                             .storage_class = v.storage_class,
-                            .values = blk2: {
+                            .type_word = v.type_word,
-                                const values = allocator.dupe(Value, v.values) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory;
+                            .type = v.type,
-                                for (values, v.values) |*new_value, value| {
+                            .value = try v.value.dupe(allocator),
-                                    new_value.* = try value.dupe(allocator);
-                                }
-                                break :blk2 values;
-                            },
                         },
                     },
                     .Constant => |c| break :blk .{
-                        .Constant = blk2: {
+                        .Constant = .{
-                            const values = allocator.dupe(Value, c) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory;
+                            .type_word = c.type_word,
-                            for (values, c) |*new_value, value| {
+                            .type = c.type,
-                                new_value.* = try value.dupe(allocator);
+                            .value = try c.value.dupe(allocator),
-                            }
-                            break :blk2 values;
                         },
                     },
                     .Function => |f| break :blk .{
@@ -336,15 +526,48 @@ pub fn dupe(self: *const Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) RuntimeError!Self {
                             .params = allocator.dupe(SpvWord, f.params) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory,
                         },
                     },
-                    else => {},
+                    else => break :blk variant,
                 }
-                break :blk variant;
             }
             break :blk null;
         },
     };
 }
 
+pub fn resolveLaneBitWidth(target_type: TypeData, rt: *const Runtime) RuntimeError!SpvWord {
+    return sw: switch (target_type) {
+        .Bool => 8,
+        .Float => |f| f.bit_length,
+        .Int => |i| i.bit_length,
+        .Vector => |v| continue :sw (try rt.results[v.components_type_word].getVariant()).Type,
+        .Vector4f32,
+        .Vector3f32,
+        .Vector2f32,
+        .Vector4i32,
+        .Vector3i32,
+        .Vector2i32,
+        .Vector4u32,
+        .Vector3u32,
+        .Vector2u32,
+        => return 32,
+        else => return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn resolveSign(target_type: TypeData, rt: *const Runtime) RuntimeError!enum { signed, unsigned } {
+    return sw: switch (target_type) {
+        .Int => |i| if (i.is_signed) .signed else .unsigned,
+        .Vector => |v| continue :sw (try rt.results[v.components_type_word].getVariant()).Type,
+        .Vector4i32 => .signed,
+        .Vector3i32 => .signed,
+        .Vector2i32 => .signed,
+        .Vector4u32 => .unsigned,
+        .Vector3u32 => .unsigned,
+        .Vector2u32 => .unsigned,
+        else => .unsigned,
+    };
+}
+
 pub fn resolveType(self: *const Self, results: []const Self) *const Self {
     return if (self.variant) |variant|
         switch (variant) {
@@ -364,9 +587,13 @@ pub fn getMemberCounts(self: *const Self) usize {
             .Type => |t| switch (t) {
                 .Bool, .Int, .Float, .Image, .Sampler => return 1,
                 .Vector => |v| return v.member_count,
+                .Vector4f32, .Vector4i32, .Vector4u32 => return 4,
+                .Vector3f32, .Vector3i32, .Vector3u32 => return 3,
+                .Vector2f32, .Vector2i32, .Vector2u32 => return 2,
                 .Matrix => |m| return m.member_count,
+                .Array => |a| return a.member_count,
                 .SampledImage => return 2,
-                .Structure => |s| return s.members.len,
+                .Structure => |s| return s.members_type_word.len,
                 .Function => |f| return f.params.len,
                 else => {},
             },
@@ -376,37 +603,76 @@ pub fn getMemberCounts(self: *const Self) usize {
     return 0;
 }
 
-pub fn initValues(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, values: []Value, results: []const Self, resolved: *const Self) RuntimeError!void {
+pub fn initValue(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, member_count: usize, results: []const Self, resolved: *const Self) RuntimeError!Value {
-    switch (resolved.variant.?) {
+    return switch (resolved.variant.?) {
         .Type => |t| switch (t) {
-            .Bool => values[0] = .{ .Bool = undefined },
+            .Void => .{ .Void = .{} },
-            .Int => values[0] = .{ .Int = undefined },
+            .Bool => .{ .Bool = false },
-            .Float => values[0] = .{ .Float = undefined },
+            .Int => |i| .{ .Int = .{
-            .Vector => |v| {
+                .bit_count = i.bit_length,
-                for (values) |*value| {
+                .value = .{ .uint64 = 0 },
-                    value.* = switch (v.components_type) {
+            } },
-                        inline else => |tag| @unionInit(Value, @tagName(tag), undefined),
+            .Float => |f| .{ .Float = .{
-                    };
+                .bit_count = f.bit_length,
+                .value = .{ .float64 = 0 },
+            } },
+            .Vector => |v| blk: {
+                const value: Value = .{ .Vector = allocator.alloc(Value, member_count) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory };
+                errdefer allocator.free(value.Vector);
+                for (value.Vector) |*val| {
+                    val.* = try Value.init(allocator, results, v.components_type_word);
                 }
+                break :blk value;
             },
-            .Matrix => |m| {
+            .Vector4f32 => .{ .Vector4f32 = Vec4f32{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 } },
-                for (values) |*value| {
+            .Vector3f32 => .{ .Vector3f32 = Vec3f32{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 } },
-                    try value.initMembers(allocator, results, m.column_type_word);
+            .Vector2f32 => .{ .Vector2f32 = Vec2f32{ 0.0, 0.0 } },
+            .Vector4i32 => .{ .Vector4i32 = Vec4i32{ 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+            .Vector3i32 => .{ .Vector3i32 = Vec3i32{ 0, 0, 0 } },
+            .Vector2i32 => .{ .Vector2i32 = Vec2i32{ 0, 0 } },
+            .Vector4u32 => .{ .Vector4u32 = Vec4u32{ 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+            .Vector3u32 => .{ .Vector3u32 = Vec3u32{ 0, 0, 0 } },
+            .Vector2u32 => .{ .Vector2u32 = Vec2u32{ 0, 0 } },
+            .Matrix => |m| blk: {
+                const value: Value = .{ .Matrix = allocator.alloc(Value, member_count) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory };
+                errdefer allocator.free(value.Matrix);
+                for (value.Matrix) |*v| {
+                    v.* = try Value.init(allocator, results, m.column_type_word);
                 }
+                break :blk value;
             },
-            .Array => |a| { // TODO
+            .Array => |a| blk: {
-                _ = a;
+                const value: Value = .{ .Array = allocator.alloc(Value, member_count) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory };
-            },
+                errdefer allocator.free(value.Array);
-            .Structure => |s| {
+                for (value.Array) |*val| {
-                for (values, s.members_type_word) |*value, member_type_word| {
+                    val.* = try Value.init(allocator, results, a.components_type_word);
-                    try value.initMembers(allocator, results, member_type_word);
                 }
+                break :blk value;
             },
-            .Image => {}, // TODO
+            .RuntimeArray => |a| blk: {
-            .Sampler => {}, // No op
+                if (member_count == 0) {
-            .SampledImage => {}, // TODO
+                    break :blk Value{ .RuntimeArray = null };
-            else => return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+                }
+                const value: Value = .{ .RuntimeArray = allocator.alloc(Value, member_count) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory };
+                errdefer allocator.free(value.RuntimeArray.?);
+                for (value.RuntimeArray.?) |*val| {
+                    val.* = try Value.init(allocator, results, a.components_type_word);
+                }
+                break :blk value;
+            },
+            .Structure => |s| blk: {
+                const value: Value = .{ .Structure = allocator.alloc(Value, member_count) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory };
+                errdefer allocator.free(value.Structure);
+                for (value.Structure, s.members_type_word) |*v, member_type_word| {
+                    v.* = try Value.init(allocator, results, member_type_word);
+                }
+                break :blk value;
+            },
+            .Image => RuntimeError.ToDo,
+            .Sampler => RuntimeError.ToDo,
+            .SampledImage => RuntimeError.ToDo,
+            else => RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
         },
-        else => return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
+        else => RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV,
-    }
+    };
 }

src/Runtime.zig

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+//! A runtime meant for actual shader invocations.
+
 const std = @import("std");
 const spv = @import("spv.zig");
 const op = @import("opcodes.zig");
+const lib = @import("lib.zig");
 
 const SpvVoid = spv.SpvVoid;
 const SpvByte = spv.SpvByte;
@@ -14,18 +17,24 @@ const WordIterator = @import("WordIterator.zig");
 const Self = @This();
 
 pub const RuntimeError = error{
-    InvalidSpirV,
+    DivisionByZero,
-    UnsupportedSpirV,
-    OutOfMemory,
-    Unreachable,
-    Killed,
     InvalidEntryPoint,
+    InvalidSpirV,
+    InvalidValueType,
+    Killed,
+    NotFound,
+    OutOfMemory,
+    OutOfBounds,
     ToDo,
+    Unreachable,
+    UnsupportedSpirV,
+    UnsupportedExtension,
 };
 
 pub const Function = struct {
     source_location: usize,
     result: *Result,
+    ret: *Result,
 };
 
 mod: *Module,
@@ -34,6 +43,7 @@ it: WordIterator,
 /// Local deep copy of module's results to be able to run multiple runtimes concurrently
 results: []Result,
 
+current_parameter_index: SpvWord,
 current_function: ?*Result,
 function_stack: std.ArrayList(Function),
 
@@ -48,6 +58,7 @@ pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, module: *Module) RuntimeError!Self {
             }
             break :blk results;
         },
+        .current_parameter_index = 0,
         .current_function = null,
         .function_stack = .empty,
     };
@@ -102,6 +113,11 @@ pub fn callEntryPoint(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, entry_point_ind
             switch (variant) {
                 .Function => |f| {
                     if (!self.it.jumpToSourceLocation(f.source_location)) return RuntimeError.InvalidEntryPoint;
+                    self.function_stack.append(allocator, .{
+                        .source_location = f.source_location,
+                        .result = entry_point_result,
+                        .ret = &self.results[f.return_type],
+                    }) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory;
                 },
                 else => return RuntimeError.InvalidEntryPoint,
             }
@@ -110,26 +126,94 @@ pub fn callEntryPoint(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, entry_point_ind
         }
     }
 
+    self.it.did_jump = false; // To reset function jump
     while (self.it.nextOrNull()) |opcode_data| {
         const word_count = ((opcode_data & (~spv.SpvOpCodeMask)) >> spv.SpvWordCountShift) - 1;
         const opcode = (opcode_data & spv.SpvOpCodeMask);
 
         var it_tmp = self.it; // Save because operations may iter on this iterator
-        if (std.enums.fromInt(spv.SpvOp, opcode)) |spv_op| {
+        if (op.runtime_dispatcher[opcode]) |pfn| {
-            if (op.RuntimeDispatcher.get(spv_op)) |pfn| {
+            try pfn(allocator, word_count, self);
-                try pfn(allocator, word_count, self);
-            }
         }
-        _ = it_tmp.skipN(word_count);
+        if (!self.it.did_jump) {
-        self.it = it_tmp;
+            _ = it_tmp.skipN(word_count);
+            self.it = it_tmp;
+        } else {
+            self.it.did_jump = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //@import("pretty").print(allocator, self.results, .{
+    //    .tab_size = 4,
+    //    .max_depth = 0,
+    //    .struct_max_len = 0,
+    //    .array_max_len = 0,
+    //}) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory;
+}
+
+pub fn readDescriptorSet(self: *const Self, output: []u8, set: SpvWord, binding: SpvWord) RuntimeError!void {
+    if (set < lib.SPIRV_MAX_SET and binding < lib.SPIRV_MAX_SET_BINDINGS) {
+        _ = try self.readValue(output, &self.results[self.mod.bindings[set][binding]].variant.?.Variable.value);
+    } else {
+        return RuntimeError.NotFound;
     }
 }
 
-pub fn readOutput(self: *const Self, comptime T: type, output: []T, result: SpvWord) error{NotFound}!void {
+pub fn writeDescriptorSet(self: *const Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, input: []const u8, set: SpvWord, binding: SpvWord) RuntimeError!void {
-    if (self.mod.output_locations.get(result)) |out| {
+    if (set < lib.SPIRV_MAX_SET and binding < lib.SPIRV_MAX_SET_BINDINGS) {
-        self.readValue(T, output, &out[0]);
+        const variable = &self.results[self.mod.bindings[set][binding]].variant.?.Variable;
+
+        const helper = struct {
+            fn init(allocator2: std.mem.Allocator, len: usize, value: *Result.Value, type_word: SpvWord, results: []Result) RuntimeError!void {
+                const resolved = results[type_word].resolveType(results);
+
+                switch (value.*) {
+                    .RuntimeArray => |a| if (a == null) {
+                        const elem_size = resolved.variant.?.Type.getSize(results);
+                        value.* = try Result.initValue(allocator2, std.math.divCeil(usize, len, elem_size) catch unreachable, results, resolved);
+                    },
+                    .Structure => |*s| for (s.*, 0..) |*elem, i| {
+                        try @This().init(allocator2, len, elem, resolved.variant.?.Type.Structure.members_type_word[i], results);
+                    },
+                    else => {},
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        try helper.init(allocator, input.len, &variable.value, variable.type_word, self.results);
+
+        //@import("pretty").print(allocator, variable, .{
+        //    .tab_size = 4,
+        //    .max_depth = 0,
+        //    .struct_max_len = 0,
+        //    .array_max_len = 0,
+        //}) catch return RuntimeError.OutOfMemory;
+        _ = try self.writeValue(input, &variable.value);
     } else {
-        return error.NotFound;
+        return RuntimeError.NotFound;
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn readOutput(self: *const Self, output: []u8, result: SpvWord) RuntimeError!void {
+    if (std.mem.indexOfScalar(SpvWord, &self.mod.output_locations, result)) |_| {
+        _ = try self.readValue(output, &self.results[result].variant.?.Variable.value);
+    } else {
+        return RuntimeError.NotFound;
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn writeInput(self: *const Self, input: []const u8, result: SpvWord) RuntimeError!void {
+    if (std.mem.indexOfScalar(SpvWord, &self.mod.input_locations, result)) |_| {
+        _ = try self.writeValue(input, &self.results[result].variant.?.Variable.value);
+    } else {
+        return RuntimeError.NotFound;
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn writeBuiltIn(self: *const Self, input: []const u8, builtin: spv.SpvBuiltIn) RuntimeError!void {
+    if (self.mod.builtins.get(builtin)) |result| {
+        _ = try self.writeValue(input, &self.results[result].variant.?.Variable.value);
+    } else {
+        return RuntimeError.NotFound;
     }
 }
 
@@ -138,38 +222,224 @@ fn reset(self: *Self) void {
     self.current_function = null;
 }
 
-fn readValue(self: *const Self, comptime T: type, output: []T, value: *const Result.Value) void {
+fn readValue(self: *const Self, output: []u8, value: *const Result.Value) RuntimeError!usize {
     switch (value.*) {
         .Bool => |b| {
-            if (T == bool) {
+            output[0] = if (b == true) 1 else 0;
-                output[0] = b;
+            return 1;
-            }
         },
         .Int => |i| {
-            switch (T) {
+            switch (i.bit_count) {
-                i8 => output[0] = i.sint8,
+                8 => output[0] = @bitCast(i.value.uint8),
-                i16 => output[0] = i.sint16,
+                16 => std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[0..], std.mem.asBytes(&i.value.uint16)),
-                i32 => output[0] = i.sint32,
+                32 => std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[0..], std.mem.asBytes(&i.value.uint32)),
-                i64 => output[0] = i.sint64,
+                64 => std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[0..], std.mem.asBytes(&i.value.uint64)),
-                u8 => output[0] = i.uint8,
+                else => return RuntimeError.InvalidValueType,
-                u16 => output[0] = i.uint16,
-                u32 => output[0] = i.uint32,
-                u64 => output[0] = i.uint64,
-                inline else => unreachable,
             }
+            return @divExact(i.bit_count, 8);
         },
         .Float => |f| {
-            switch (T) {
+            switch (f.bit_count) {
-                f16 => output[0] = f.float16,
+                16 => std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[0..], std.mem.asBytes(&f.value.float16)),
-                f32 => output[0] = f.float32,
+                32 => std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[0..], std.mem.asBytes(&f.value.float32)),
-                f64 => output[0] = f.float64,
+                64 => std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[0..], std.mem.asBytes(&f.value.float64)),
-                inline else => unreachable,
+                else => return RuntimeError.InvalidValueType,
             }
+            return @divExact(f.bit_count, 8);
         },
-        .Vector => |values| for (values, 0..) |v, i| self.readValue(T, output[i..], &v),
+        .Vector4f32 => |vec| {
-        .Matrix => |values| for (values, 0..) |v, i| self.readValue(T, output[i..], &v),
+            inline for (0..4) |i| {
-        .Array => unreachable, // TODO
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[(i * 4)..], std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]));
-        .Structure => |values| for (values, 0..) |v, i| self.readValue(T, output[i..], &v),
+            }
-        else => unreachable,
+            return 4 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector3f32 => |vec| {
+            inline for (0..3) |i| {
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[(i * 4)..], std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]));
+            }
+            return 3 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector2f32 => |vec| {
+            inline for (0..2) |i| {
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[(i * 4)..], std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]));
+            }
+            return 2 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector4i32 => |vec| {
+            inline for (0..4) |i| {
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[(i * 4)..], std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]));
+            }
+            return 4 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector3i32 => |vec| {
+            inline for (0..3) |i| {
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[(i * 4)..], std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]));
+            }
+            return 3 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector2i32 => |vec| {
+            inline for (0..2) |i| {
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[(i * 4)..], std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]));
+            }
+            return 2 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector4u32 => |vec| {
+            inline for (0..4) |i| {
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[(i * 4)..], std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]));
+            }
+            return 4 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector3u32 => |vec| {
+            inline for (0..3) |i| {
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[(i * 4)..], std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]));
+            }
+            return 3 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector2u32 => |vec| {
+            inline for (0..2) |i| {
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, output[(i * 4)..], std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]));
+            }
+            return 2 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector,
+        .Matrix,
+        .Array,
+        .Structure,
+        => |values| {
+            var offset: usize = 0;
+            for (values) |v| {
+                offset += try self.readValue(output[offset..], &v);
+            }
+            return offset;
+        },
+        .RuntimeArray => |opt_values| if (opt_values) |values| {
+            var offset: usize = 0;
+            for (values) |v| {
+                offset += try self.readValue(output[offset..], &v);
+            }
+            return offset;
+        },
+        else => return RuntimeError.InvalidValueType,
     }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+fn writeValue(self: *const Self, input: []const u8, value: *Result.Value) RuntimeError!usize {
+    switch (value.*) {
+        .Bool => |*b| {
+            b.* = if (input[0] != 0) true else false;
+            return 1;
+        },
+        .Int => |*i| {
+            switch (i.bit_count) {
+                8 => i.value.uint8 = @bitCast(input[0]),
+                16 => std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&i.value.uint16), input[0..2]),
+                32 => std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&i.value.uint32), input[0..4]),
+                64 => std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&i.value.uint64), input[0..8]),
+                else => return RuntimeError.InvalidValueType,
+            }
+            return @divExact(i.bit_count, 8);
+        },
+        .Float => |*f| {
+            switch (f.bit_count) {
+                16 => std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&f.value.float16), input[0..2]),
+                32 => std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&f.value.float32), input[0..4]),
+                64 => std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&f.value.float64), input[0..8]),
+                else => return RuntimeError.InvalidValueType,
+            }
+            return @divExact(f.bit_count, 8);
+        },
+        .Vector4f32 => |*vec| {
+            inline for (0..4) |i| {
+                const start = i * 4;
+                const end = (i + 1) * 4;
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]), input[start..end]);
+            }
+            return 4 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector3f32 => |*vec| {
+            inline for (0..3) |i| {
+                const start = i * 4;
+                const end = (i + 1) * 4;
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]), input[start..end]);
+            }
+            return 3 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector2f32 => |*vec| {
+            inline for (0..2) |i| {
+                const start = i * 4;
+                const end = (i + 1) * 4;
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]), input[start..end]);
+            }
+            return 2 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector4i32 => |*vec| {
+            inline for (0..4) |i| {
+                const start = i * 4;
+                const end = (i + 1) * 4;
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]), input[start..end]);
+            }
+            return 4 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector3i32 => |*vec| {
+            inline for (0..3) |i| {
+                const start = i * 4;
+                const end = (i + 1) * 4;
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]), input[start..end]);
+            }
+            return 3 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector2i32 => |*vec| {
+            inline for (0..2) |i| {
+                const start = i * 4;
+                const end = (i + 1) * 4;
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]), input[start..end]);
+            }
+            return 2 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector4u32 => |*vec| {
+            inline for (0..4) |i| {
+                const start = i * 4;
+                const end = (i + 1) * 4;
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]), input[start..end]);
+            }
+            return 4 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector3u32 => |*vec| {
+            inline for (0..3) |i| {
+                const start = i * 4;
+                const end = (i + 1) * 4;
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]), input[start..end]);
+            }
+            return 3 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector2u32 => |*vec| {
+            inline for (0..2) |i| {
+                const start = i * 4;
+                const end = (i + 1) * 4;
+                std.mem.copyForwards(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&vec[i]), input[start..end]);
+            }
+            return 2 * 4;
+        },
+        .Vector,
+        .Matrix,
+        .Array,
+        .Structure,
+        => |*values| {
+            var offset: usize = 0;
+            for (values.*) |*v| {
+                offset += try self.writeValue(input[offset..], v);
+            }
+            return offset;
+        },
+        .RuntimeArray => |opt_values| if (opt_values) |*values| {
+            var offset: usize = 0;
+            for (values.*) |*v| {
+                offset += try self.writeValue(input[offset..], v);
+            }
+            return offset;
+        },
+        else => return RuntimeError.InvalidValueType,
+    }
+    return 0;
 }

src/WordIterator.zig

@@ -9,15 +9,17 @@ const Self = @This();
 
 buffer: []const SpvWord,
 index: usize,
+did_jump: bool,
 
 pub fn init(buffer: []const SpvWord) Self {
     return .{
         .buffer = buffer,
         .index = 0,
+        .did_jump = false,
     };
 }
 
-pub fn nextOrNull(self: *Self) ?SpvWord {
+pub inline fn nextOrNull(self: *Self) ?SpvWord {
     const word = self.peek() orelse return null;
     self.index += 1;
     return word;
@@ -31,15 +33,15 @@ pub inline fn next(self: *Self) RuntimeError!SpvWord {
     return self.nextOrNull() orelse return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV;
 }
 
-pub fn nextAs(self: *Self, comptime E: type) RuntimeError!E {
+pub inline fn nextAs(self: *Self, comptime E: type) RuntimeError!E {
     return self.nextAsOrNull(E) orelse return RuntimeError.InvalidSpirV;
 }
 
-pub fn peek(self: *const Self) ?SpvWord {
+pub inline fn peek(self: *const Self) ?SpvWord {
     return if (self.index >= self.buffer.len) null else self.buffer[self.index];
 }
 
-pub fn skip(self: *Self) bool {
+pub inline fn skip(self: *Self) bool {
     if (self.index >= self.buffer.len) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ pub fn skip(self: *Self) bool {
     return true;
 }
 
-pub fn skipN(self: *Self, count: usize) bool {
+pub inline fn skipN(self: *Self, count: usize) bool {
     if (self.index >= self.buffer.len) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn skipN(self: *Self, count: usize) bool {
     return true;
 }
 
-pub fn skipToEnd(self: *Self) void {
+pub inline fn skipToEnd(self: *Self) void {
     self.index = self.buffer.len;
 }
 
@@ -66,5 +68,6 @@ pub inline fn emitSourceLocation(self: *const Self) usize {
 pub inline fn jumpToSourceLocation(self: *Self, source_location: usize) bool {
     if (source_location > self.buffer.len) return false;
     self.index = source_location;
+    self.did_jump = true;
     return true;
 }

src/lib.zig

@@ -1,3 +1,33 @@
+//! A small footprint SPIR-V interpreter to execute SPIR-V shaders on the CPU. It is designed to be used with multiple runtimes concurrently.
+//!
+//! ```zig
+//! const std = @import("std");
+//! const spv = @import("spv");
+//!
+//! const shader_source = @embedFile("shader.spv");
+//!
+//! pub fn main() !void {
+//!     {
+//!         var gpa: std.heap.DebugAllocator(.{}) = .init;
+//!         defer _ = gpa.deinit();
+//!
+//!         const allocator = gpa.allocator();
+//!
+//!         var module = try spv.Module.init(allocator, @ptrCast(@alignCast(shader_source)), .{});
+//!         defer module.deinit(allocator);
+//!
+//!         var rt = try spv.Runtime.init(allocator, &module);
+//!         defer rt.deinit(allocator);
+//!
+//!         try rt.callEntryPoint(allocator, try rt.getEntryPointByName("main"));
+//!         var output: [4]f32 = undefined;
+//!         try rt.readOutput(f32, output[0..output.len], try rt.getResultByName("color"));
+//!         std.log.info("Output: Vec4{any}", .{output});
+//!     }
+//!     std.log.info("Successfully executed", .{});
+//! }
+//! ```
+
 const std = @import("std");
 
 pub const Image = @import("Image.zig");
@@ -7,10 +37,21 @@ pub const Runtime = @import("Runtime.zig");
 const opcodes = @import("opcodes.zig");
 const spv = @import("spv.zig");
 
-test {
+pub const SpvVoid = spv.SpvVoid;
-    std.testing.refAllDecls(Image);
+pub const SpvByte = spv.SpvByte;
-    std.testing.refAllDecls(Module);
+pub const SpvWord = spv.SpvWord;
-    std.testing.refAllDecls(Runtime);
+pub const SpvBool = spv.SpvBool;
-    std.testing.refAllDecls(opcodes);
+
-    std.testing.refAllDecls(spv);
+pub const GLSL_std_450 = @import("GLSL_std_450/opcodes.zig");
-}
+
+/// Maximum number of input locations per module
+pub const SPIRV_MAX_INPUT_LOCATIONS: usize = 32;
+
+/// Maximum number of output locations per module
+pub const SPIRV_MAX_OUTPUT_LOCATIONS: usize = 32;
+
+/// Maximum number of descriptor set per module
+pub const SPIRV_MAX_SET: usize = 32;
+
+/// Maximum number of bindings per descriptor set
+pub const SPIRV_MAX_SET_BINDINGS: usize = 32;

src/spv.zig

@@ -2391,3 +2391,5 @@ pub const SpvOp = enum(u32) {
     ConvertHandleToSampledImageINTEL = 6531,
     Max = 0x7fffffff,
 };
+
+pub const SpvOpMaxValue: comptime_int = @intFromEnum(SpvOp.ConvertHandleToSampledImageINTEL);

test/arrays.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const root = @import("root.zig");
+const compileNzsl = root.compileNzsl;
+const case = root.case;
+
+test "Simple array" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const shader =
+        \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+        \\ module;
+        \\ 
+        \\ struct FragOut
+        \\ {
+        \\     [location(0)] color: vec4[f32]
+        \\ }
+        \\
+        \\ [entry(frag)]
+        \\ fn main() -> FragOut
+        \\ {
+        \\     let value = array[f32](4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0);
+        \\     let output: FragOut;
+        \\     output.color = vec4[f32](value[0], value[1], value[2], value[3]);
+        \\     return output;
+        \\ }
+    ;
+    const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+    defer allocator.free(code);
+
+    try case.expectOutput(f32, 4, code, "color", &.{ 4, 3, 2, 1 });
+}

test/basics.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const root = @import("root.zig");
+const compileNzsl = root.compileNzsl;
+const case = root.case;
+
+test "Simple fragment shader" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const shader =
+        \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+        \\ module;
+        \\ 
+        \\ struct FragOut
+        \\ {
+        \\     [location(0)] color: vec4[f32]
+        \\ }
+        \\
+        \\ [entry(frag)]
+        \\ fn main() -> FragOut
+        \\ {
+        \\     let output: FragOut;
+        \\     output.color = vec4[f32](4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0);
+        \\     return output;
+        \\ }
+    ;
+    const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+    defer allocator.free(code);
+
+    try case.expectOutput(f32, 4, code, "color", &.{ 4, 3, 2, 1 });
+}

test/bitwise.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const root = @import("root.zig");
+const compileNzsl = root.compileNzsl;
+const case = root.case;
+
+const Operations = enum {
+    BitwiseAnd,
+    BitwiseOr,
+    BitwiseXor,
+    ShiftLeft,
+    ShiftRight,
+    ShiftRightArithmetic,
+};
+
+test "Bitwise primitives" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const types = [_]type{ i32, u32 };
+    var operations = std.EnumMap(Operations, []const u8).init(.{
+        .BitwiseAnd = "&",
+        .BitwiseOr = "|",
+        .BitwiseXor = "^",
+        .ShiftLeft = "<<",
+        .ShiftRight = ">>",
+        .ShiftRightArithmetic = ">>",
+    });
+
+    var it = operations.iterator();
+    while (it.next()) |op| {
+        inline for (types) |T| {
+            const op1: T = case.random(T);
+            const op2: T = @mod(case.random(T), @bitSizeOf(T));
+            const expected = switch (op.key) {
+                .BitwiseAnd => op1 & op2,
+                .BitwiseOr => op1 | op2,
+                .BitwiseXor => op1 ^ op2,
+                .ShiftLeft => op1 << @intCast(op2),
+                .ShiftRight, .ShiftRightArithmetic => op1 >> @intCast(op2),
+            };
+
+            const shader = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
+                allocator,
+                \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+                \\ [feature(float64)]
+                \\ module;
+                \\ 
+                \\ struct FragOut
+                \\ {{
+                \\     [location(0)] color: vec4[{s}]
+                \\ }}
+                \\
+                \\ [entry(frag)]
+                \\ fn main() -> FragOut
+                \\ {{
+                \\     let op1: {s} = {d};
+                \\     let op2: {s} = {d};
+                \\     let color = op1 {s} op2;
+                \\
+                \\     let output: FragOut;
+                \\     output.color = vec4[{s}](color, color, color, color);
+                \\     return output;
+                \\ }}
+            ,
+                .{
+                    @typeName(T),
+                    @typeName(T),
+                    op1,
+                    @typeName(T),
+                    op2,
+                    op.value.*,
+                    @typeName(T),
+                },
+            );
+            defer allocator.free(shader);
+            const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+            defer allocator.free(code);
+            try case.expectOutput(T, 4, code, "color", &.{ expected, expected, expected, expected });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+test "Bitwise vectors" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const types = [_]type{ i32, u32 };
+    var operations = std.EnumMap(Operations, []const u8).init(.{
+        .BitwiseAnd = "&",
+        .BitwiseOr = "|",
+        .BitwiseXor = "^",
+        .ShiftLeft = "<<",
+        .ShiftRight = ">>",
+        .ShiftRightArithmetic = ">>",
+    });
+
+    var it = operations.iterator();
+    while (it.next()) |op| {
+        inline for (2..5) |L| {
+            inline for (types) |T| {
+                const op1: case.Vec(L, T) = .{ .val = case.random(@Vector(L, T)) };
+                var op2: case.Vec(L, T) = .{ .val = case.random(@Vector(L, T)) };
+                for (0..L) |i| op2.val[i] = @mod(op2.val[i], @bitSizeOf(T));
+                const expected = switch (op.key) {
+                    .BitwiseAnd => op1.val & op2.val,
+                    .BitwiseOr => op1.val | op2.val,
+                    .BitwiseXor => op1.val ^ op2.val,
+                    .ShiftLeft => op1.val << @intCast(op2.val),
+                    .ShiftRight, .ShiftRightArithmetic => op1.val >> @intCast(op2.val),
+                };
+
+                const shader = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
+                    allocator,
+                    \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+                    \\ [feature(float64)]
+                    \\ module;
+                    \\ 
+                    \\ struct FragOut
+                    \\ {{
+                    \\     [location(0)] color: vec{d}[{s}]
+                    \\ }}
+                    \\
+                    \\ [entry(frag)]
+                    \\ fn main() -> FragOut
+                    \\ {{
+                    \\     let op1 = vec{d}[{s}]({f});
+                    \\     let op2 = vec{d}[{s}]({f});
+                    \\
+                    \\     let output: FragOut;
+                    \\     output.color = op1 {s} op2;
+                    \\     return output;
+                    \\ }}
+                ,
+                    .{
+                        L,
+                        @typeName(T),
+                        L,
+                        @typeName(T),
+                        op1,
+                        L,
+                        @typeName(T),
+                        op2,
+                        op.value.*,
+                    },
+                );
+                defer allocator.free(shader);
+                const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+                defer allocator.free(code);
+                try case.expectOutput(T, L, code, "color", &@as([L]T, expected));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

test/branching.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const root = @import("root.zig");
+const compileNzsl = root.compileNzsl;
+const case = root.case;
+
+const Operations = enum {
+    Equal,
+    NotEqual,
+    Greater,
+    GreaterEqual,
+    Less,
+    LessEqual,
+};
+
+test "Simple branching" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const types = [_]type{ f32, f64, i32, u32 };
+    var operations = std.EnumMap(Operations, []const u8).init(.{
+        .Equal = "==",
+        .NotEqual = "!=",
+        .Greater = ">",
+        .GreaterEqual = ">=",
+        .Less = "<",
+        .LessEqual = "<=",
+    });
+
+    var it = operations.iterator();
+    while (it.next()) |op| {
+        inline for (types) |T| {
+            const values = [_][2]T{
+                [2]T{ std.math.lossyCast(T, 0), std.math.lossyCast(T, 9) },
+                [2]T{ std.math.lossyCast(T, 1), std.math.lossyCast(T, 8) },
+                [2]T{ std.math.lossyCast(T, 2), std.math.lossyCast(T, 7) },
+                [2]T{ std.math.lossyCast(T, 3), std.math.lossyCast(T, 6) },
+                [2]T{ std.math.lossyCast(T, 4), std.math.lossyCast(T, 5) },
+                [2]T{ std.math.lossyCast(T, 5), std.math.lossyCast(T, 4) },
+                [2]T{ std.math.lossyCast(T, 6), std.math.lossyCast(T, 3) },
+                [2]T{ std.math.lossyCast(T, 7), std.math.lossyCast(T, 2) },
+                [2]T{ std.math.lossyCast(T, 8), std.math.lossyCast(T, 1) },
+                [2]T{ std.math.lossyCast(T, 9), std.math.lossyCast(T, 0) },
+                [2]T{ std.math.lossyCast(T, 0), std.math.lossyCast(T, 0) },
+            };
+            for (values) |v| {
+                const op1: T = v[0];
+                const op2: T = v[1];
+                const expected = switch (op.key) {
+                    .Equal => if (op1 == op2) op1 else op2,
+                    .NotEqual => if (op1 != op2) op1 else op2,
+                    .Greater => if (op1 > op2) op1 else op2,
+                    .GreaterEqual => if (op1 >= op2) op1 else op2,
+                    .Less => if (op1 < op2) op1 else op2,
+                    .LessEqual => if (op1 <= op2) op1 else op2,
+                };
+
+                const shader = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
+                    allocator,
+                    \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+                    \\ [feature(float64)]
+                    \\ module;
+                    \\ 
+                    \\ struct FragOut
+                    \\ {{
+                    \\     [location(0)] color: vec4[{s}]
+                    \\ }}
+                    \\
+                    \\ [entry(frag)]
+                    \\ fn main() -> FragOut
+                    \\ {{
+                    \\     let op1 = {s}({d});
+                    \\     let op2 = {s}({d});
+                    \\     let color: {s};
+                    \\     if (op1 {s} op2)
+                    \\         color = op1;
+                    \\     else
+                    \\         color = op2;
+                    \\
+                    \\     let output: FragOut;
+                    \\     output.color = vec4[{s}](color, color, color, color);
+                    \\     return output;
+                    \\ }}
+                ,
+                    .{
+                        @typeName(T),
+                        @typeName(T),
+                        op1,
+                        @typeName(T),
+                        op2,
+                        @typeName(T),
+                        op.value.*,
+                        @typeName(T),
+                    },
+                );
+                defer allocator.free(shader);
+                const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+                defer allocator.free(code);
+                try case.expectOutput(T, 4, code, "color", &.{ expected, expected, expected, expected });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

test/casts.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const root = @import("root.zig");
+const compileNzsl = root.compileNzsl;
+const case = root.case;
+
+test "Primitives casts" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const types = [_][2]type{
+        [2]type{ f32, u32 },
+        [2]type{ f32, i32 },
+        [2]type{ u32, f32 },
+        [2]type{ i32, f32 },
+        [2]type{ f32, f64 },
+        [2]type{ f64, f32 },
+        [2]type{ f64, u32 },
+        [2]type{ f64, i32 },
+        [2]type{ u32, f64 },
+        [2]type{ i32, f64 },
+    };
+
+    inline for (types) |T| {
+        const base = case.random(T[0]);
+        const expected = std.math.lossyCast(T[1], base);
+
+        const shader = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
+            allocator,
+            \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+            \\ [feature(float64)]
+            \\ module;
+            \\ 
+            \\ struct FragOut
+            \\ {{
+            \\     [location(0)] color: vec4[{s}]
+            \\ }}
+            \\
+            \\ [entry(frag)]
+            \\ fn main() -> FragOut
+            \\ {{
+            \\     let base = {s}({d});
+            \\     let color = {s}(base);
+            \\
+            \\     let output: FragOut;
+            \\     output.color = vec4[{s}](color, color, color, color);
+            \\     return output;
+            \\ }}
+        ,
+            .{
+                @typeName(T[1]),
+                @typeName(T[0]),
+                base,
+                @typeName(T[1]),
+                @typeName(T[1]),
+            },
+        );
+        defer allocator.free(shader);
+        const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+        defer allocator.free(code);
+        try case.expectOutput(T[1], 4, code, "color", &.{ expected, expected, expected, expected });
+    }
+}
+
+test "Primitives bitcasts" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const types = [_][2]type{
+        [2]type{ u32, i32 },
+        [2]type{ i32, u32 },
+    };
+
+    inline for (types) |T| {
+        const base = case.random(T[0]);
+        const expected = @as(T[1], @bitCast(base));
+
+        const shader = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
+            allocator,
+            \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+            \\ [feature(float64)]
+            \\ module;
+            \\ 
+            \\ struct FragOut
+            \\ {{
+            \\     [location(0)] color: vec4[{s}]
+            \\ }}
+            \\
+            \\ [entry(frag)]
+            \\ fn main() -> FragOut
+            \\ {{
+            \\     let base = {s}({d});
+            \\     let color = {s}(base);
+            \\
+            \\     let output: FragOut;
+            \\     output.color = vec4[{s}](color, color, color, color);
+            \\     return output;
+            \\ }}
+        ,
+            .{
+                @typeName(T[1]),
+                @typeName(T[0]),
+                base,
+                @typeName(T[1]),
+                @typeName(T[1]),
+            },
+        );
+        defer allocator.free(shader);
+        const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+        defer allocator.free(code);
+        try case.expectOutput(T[1], 4, code, "color", &.{ expected, expected, expected, expected });
+    }
+}

test/functions.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const root = @import("root.zig");
+const compileNzsl = root.compileNzsl;
+const case = root.case;
+
+test "Simple function calls" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const types = [_]type{ i32, u32, f32, f64 };
+
+    inline for (types) |T| {
+        const n = case.random(T);
+
+        const shader = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
+            allocator,
+            \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+            \\ [feature(float64)]
+            \\ module;
+            \\ 
+            \\ struct FragOut
+            \\ {{
+            \\     [location(0)] color: vec4[{s}]
+            \\ }}
+            \\
+            \\ fn value() -> {s}
+            \\ {{
+            \\     return {d};
+            \\ }}
+            \\
+            \\ [entry(frag)]
+            \\ fn main() -> FragOut
+            \\ {{
+            \\     let output: FragOut;
+            \\     output.color = vec4[{s}](value(), value(), value(), value());
+            \\     return output;
+            \\ }}
+        ,
+            .{
+                @typeName(T),
+                @typeName(T),
+                n,
+                @typeName(T),
+            },
+        );
+        defer allocator.free(shader);
+        const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+        defer allocator.free(code);
+        try case.expectOutput(T, 4, code, "color", &.{ n, n, n, n });
+    }
+}
+
+test "Nested function calls" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const types = [_]type{ i32, u32, f32, f64 };
+
+    inline for (types) |T| {
+        const n = case.random(T);
+
+        const shader = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
+            allocator,
+            \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+            \\ [feature(float64)]
+            \\ module;
+            \\ 
+            \\ struct FragOut
+            \\ {{
+            \\     [location(0)] color: vec4[{s}]
+            \\ }}
+            \\
+            \\ fn deepValue() -> {s}
+            \\ {{
+            \\     return {d};
+            \\ }}
+            \\
+            \\ fn value() -> {s}
+            \\ {{
+            \\     return deepValue();
+            \\ }}
+            \\
+            \\ [entry(frag)]
+            \\ fn main() -> FragOut
+            \\ {{
+            \\     let output: FragOut;
+            \\     output.color = vec4[{s}](value(), value(), value(), value());
+            \\     return output;
+            \\ }}
+        ,
+            .{
+                @typeName(T),
+                @typeName(T),
+                n,
+                @typeName(T),
+                @typeName(T),
+            },
+        );
+        defer allocator.free(shader);
+        const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+        defer allocator.free(code);
+        try case.expectOutput(T, 4, code, "color", &.{ n, n, n, n });
+    }
+}

test/inputs.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const root = @import("root.zig");
+const compileNzsl = root.compileNzsl;
+const case = root.case;
+
+test "Inputs" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const types = [_]type{ f64, f32, i32, u32 };
+
+    inline for (2..5) |L| {
+        inline for (types) |T| {
+            const input: case.Vec(L, T) = .{ .val = case.random(@Vector(L, T)) };
+
+            const shader = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
+                allocator,
+                \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+                \\ [feature(float64)]
+                \\ module;
+                \\
+                \\ struct FragIn
+                \\ {{
+                \\     [location(0)] pos: vec{d}[{s}]
+                \\ }}
+                \\ 
+                \\ struct FragOut
+                \\ {{
+                \\     [location(0)] color: vec{d}[{s}]
+                \\ }}
+                \\
+                \\ [entry(frag)]
+                \\ fn main(input: FragIn) -> FragOut
+                \\ {{
+                \\     let output: FragOut;
+                \\     output.color = input.pos;
+                \\     return output;
+                \\ }}
+            ,
+                .{
+                    L,
+                    @typeName(T),
+                    L,
+                    @typeName(T),
+                },
+            );
+            defer allocator.free(shader);
+            const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+            defer allocator.free(code);
+            try case.expectOutputWithInput(T, L, code, "color", &@as([L]T, input.val), "pos", &@as([L]T, input.val));
+        }
+    }
+}

test/loops.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const root = @import("root.zig");
+const compileNzsl = root.compileNzsl;
+const case = root.case;
+
+test "Simple while loop" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const base = @mod(case.random(f32), 5.0);
+    const iterations = 5;
+
+    var expected = base;
+    for (1..iterations) |i| {
+        expected *= @floatFromInt(i);
+    }
+
+    const shader = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
+        allocator,
+        \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+        \\ [feature(float64)]
+        \\ module;
+        \\ 
+        \\ struct FragOut
+        \\ {{
+        \\     [location(0)] color: vec4[f32]
+        \\ }}
+        \\
+        \\ [entry(frag)]
+        \\ fn main() -> FragOut
+        \\ {{
+        \\     let value = f32({d});
+        \\     let i = 1;
+        \\     while (i < {d})
+        \\     {{
+        \\         value *= f32(i);
+        \\         i += 1;
+        \\     }}
+        \\     let output: FragOut;
+        \\     output.color = vec4[f32](value, value, value, value);
+        \\     return output;
+        \\ }}
+    ,
+        .{
+            base,
+            iterations,
+        },
+    );
+    defer allocator.free(shader);
+    const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+    defer allocator.free(code);
+    try case.expectOutput(f32, 4, code, "color", &.{ expected, expected, expected, expected });
+}

test/maths.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const root = @import("root.zig");
+const compileNzsl = root.compileNzsl;
+const case = root.case;
+
+const Operations = enum {
+    Add,
+    Sub,
+    Mul,
+    Div,
+    Mod,
+};
+
+// Tests all mathematical operation on all NZSL supported primitive types
+test "Maths primitives" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const types = [_]type{ f32, f64, i32, u32 };
+    var operations = std.EnumMap(Operations, u8).init(.{
+        .Add = '+',
+        .Sub = '-',
+        .Mul = '*',
+        .Div = '/',
+        .Mod = '%',
+    });
+
+    var it = operations.iterator();
+    while (it.next()) |op| {
+        inline for (types) |T| {
+            const base: T = case.random(T);
+            const ratio: T = case.random(T);
+            const expected = switch (op.key) {
+                .Add => if (@typeInfo(T) == .int) @addWithOverflow(base, ratio)[0] else base + ratio,
+                .Sub => if (@typeInfo(T) == .int) @subWithOverflow(base, ratio)[0] else base - ratio,
+                .Mul => if (@typeInfo(T) == .int) @mulWithOverflow(base, ratio)[0] else base * ratio,
+                .Div => if (@typeInfo(T) == .int) @divTrunc(base, ratio) else base / ratio,
+                .Mod => @mod(base, ratio),
+            };
+
+            const shader = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
+                allocator,
+                \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+                \\ [feature(float64)]
+                \\ module;
+                \\ 
+                \\ struct FragOut
+                \\ {{
+                \\     [location(0)] color: vec4[{s}]
+                \\ }}
+                \\
+                \\ [entry(frag)]
+                \\ fn main() -> FragOut
+                \\ {{
+                \\     let ratio: {s} = {d};
+                \\     let base: {s} = {d};
+                \\     let color = base {c} ratio;
+                \\
+                \\     let output: FragOut;
+                \\     output.color = vec4[{s}](color, color, color, color);
+                \\     return output;
+                \\ }}
+            ,
+                .{
+                    @typeName(T),
+                    @typeName(T),
+                    ratio,
+                    @typeName(T),
+                    base,
+                    op.value.*,
+                    @typeName(T),
+                },
+            );
+            defer allocator.free(shader);
+            const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+            defer allocator.free(code);
+            try case.expectOutput(T, 4, code, "color", &.{ expected, expected, expected, expected });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Tests all mathematical operation on vec2/3/4 with all NZSL supported primitive types
+test "Maths vectors" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    const types = [_]type{ f32, f64, i32, u32 };
+    var operations = std.EnumMap(Operations, u8).init(.{
+        .Add = '+',
+        .Sub = '-',
+        .Mul = '*',
+        .Div = '/',
+        .Mod = '%',
+    });
+
+    var it = operations.iterator();
+    while (it.next()) |op| {
+        inline for (2..5) |L| {
+            inline for (types) |T| {
+                const base_color: case.Vec(L, T) = .{ .val = case.random(@Vector(L, T)) };
+                const ratio: case.Vec(L, T) = .{ .val = case.random(@Vector(L, T)) };
+                const expected = switch (op.key) {
+                    .Add => if (@typeInfo(T) == .int) @addWithOverflow(base_color.val, ratio.val)[0] else base_color.val + ratio.val,
+                    .Sub => if (@typeInfo(T) == .int) @subWithOverflow(base_color.val, ratio.val)[0] else base_color.val - ratio.val,
+                    .Mul => if (@typeInfo(T) == .int) @mulWithOverflow(base_color.val, ratio.val)[0] else base_color.val * ratio.val,
+                    .Div => if (@typeInfo(T) == .int) @divTrunc(base_color.val, ratio.val) else base_color.val / ratio.val,
+                    .Mod => @mod(base_color.val, ratio.val),
+                };
+
+                const shader = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
+                    allocator,
+                    \\ [nzsl_version("1.1")]
+                    \\ [feature(float64)]
+                    \\ module;
+                    \\ 
+                    \\ struct FragOut
+                    \\ {{
+                    \\     [location(0)] color: vec{d}[{s}]
+                    \\ }}
+                    \\
+                    \\ [entry(frag)]
+                    \\ fn main() -> FragOut
+                    \\ {{
+                    \\     let ratio = vec{d}[{s}]({f});
+                    \\
+                    \\     let output: FragOut;
+                    \\     output.color = vec{d}[{s}]({f}) {c} ratio;
+                    \\     return output;
+                    \\ }}
+                ,
+                    .{
+                        L,
+                        @typeName(T),
+                        L,
+                        @typeName(T),
+                        ratio,
+                        L,
+                        @typeName(T),
+                        base_color,
+                        op.value.*,
+                    },
+                );
+                defer allocator.free(shader);
+                const code = try compileNzsl(allocator, shader);
+                defer allocator.free(code);
+                try case.expectOutput(T, L, code, "color", &@as([L]T, expected));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

test/root.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const spv = @import("spv");
+const nzsl = @import("nzsl");
+
+pub fn compileNzsl(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, source: []const u8) ![]const u32 {
+    const module = try nzsl.parser.parseSource(source);
+    defer module.deinit();
+
+    const params = try nzsl.BackendParameters.init();
+    defer params.deinit();
+    params.setDebugLevel(.full);
+
+    const writer = try nzsl.SpirvWriter.init();
+    defer writer.deinit();
+
+    const output = try writer.generate(module, params);
+    defer output.deinit();
+
+    return allocator.dupe(u32, output.getCode());
+}
+
+pub const case = struct {
+    pub fn expectOutput(comptime T: type, comptime len: usize, source: []const u32, output_name: []const u8, expected: []const T) !void {
+        const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+
+        const module_options = [_]spv.Module.ModuleOptions{
+            .{
+                .use_simd_vectors_specializations = true,
+            },
+            .{
+                .use_simd_vectors_specializations = false,
+            },
+        };
+
+        for (module_options) |opt| {
+            var module = try spv.Module.init(allocator, source, opt);
+            defer module.deinit(allocator);
+
+            var rt = try spv.Runtime.init(allocator, &module);
+            defer rt.deinit(allocator);
+
+            try rt.callEntryPoint(allocator, try rt.getEntryPointByName("main"));
+            var output: [len]T = undefined;
+            try rt.readOutput(std.mem.sliceAsBytes(output[0..]), try rt.getResultByName(output_name));
+
+            try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(T, expected, &output);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn expectOutputWithInput(comptime T: type, comptime len: usize, source: []const u32, output_name: []const u8, expected: []const T, input_name: []const u8, input: []const T) !void {
+        const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+
+        // To test with all important module options
+        const module_options = [_]spv.Module.ModuleOptions{
+            .{
+                .use_simd_vectors_specializations = true,
+            },
+            .{
+                .use_simd_vectors_specializations = false,
+            },
+        };
+
+        for (module_options) |opt| {
+            var module = try spv.Module.init(allocator, source, opt);
+            defer module.deinit(allocator);
+
+            var rt = try spv.Runtime.init(allocator, &module);
+            defer rt.deinit(allocator);
+
+            try rt.writeInput(std.mem.sliceAsBytes(input[0..len]), try rt.getResultByName(input_name));
+
+            try rt.callEntryPoint(allocator, try rt.getEntryPointByName("main"));
+            var output: [len]T = undefined;
+            try rt.readOutput(std.mem.sliceAsBytes(output[0..]), try rt.getResultByName(output_name));
+
+            try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(T, expected, &output);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn random(comptime T: type) T {
+        var prng: std.Random.DefaultPrng = .init(@intCast(std.time.microTimestamp()));
+        const rand = prng.random();
+
+        return switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+            .int => rand.int(T),
+            .float => rand.float(T),
+            .vector => |v| blk: {
+                var vec: @Vector(v.len, v.child) = undefined;
+                for (0..v.len) |i| {
+                    vec[i] = random(v.child);
+                }
+                break :blk vec;
+            },
+            inline else => unreachable,
+        };
+    }
+
+    pub fn Vec(comptime len: usize, comptime T: type) type {
+        return struct {
+            const Self = @This();
+            val: @Vector(len, T),
+            pub fn format(self: *const Self, w: *std.Io.Writer) std.Io.Writer.Error!void {
+                inline for (0..len) |i| {
+                    try w.print("{d}", .{self.val[i]});
+                    if (i < len - 1) try w.writeAll(", ");
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+};
+
+test {
+    std.testing.refAllDecls(@import("arrays.zig"));
+    std.testing.refAllDecls(@import("basics.zig"));
+    std.testing.refAllDecls(@import("bitwise.zig"));
+    std.testing.refAllDecls(@import("branching.zig"));
+    std.testing.refAllDecls(@import("casts.zig"));
+    std.testing.refAllDecls(@import("functions.zig"));
+    std.testing.refAllDecls(@import("inputs.zig"));
+    std.testing.refAllDecls(@import("loops.zig"));
+    std.testing.refAllDecls(@import("maths.zig"));
+}

test/test_runner.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+// See https://gist.github.com/karlseguin/c6bea5b35e4e8d26af6f81c22cb5d76b/1f317ebc9cd09bc50fd5591d09c34255e15d1d85
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const builtin = @import("builtin");
+
+const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
+
+const BORDER = "=" ** 80;
+
+// use in custom panic handler
+var current_test: ?[]const u8 = null;
+
+pub fn main() !void {
+    var mem: [8192]u8 = undefined;
+    var fba = std.heap.FixedBufferAllocator.init(&mem);
+
+    const allocator = fba.allocator();
+
+    const env = Env.init(allocator);
+    defer env.deinit(allocator);
+
+    var slowest = SlowTracker.init(allocator, 5);
+    defer slowest.deinit();
+
+    var pass: usize = 0;
+    var fail: usize = 0;
+    var skip: usize = 0;
+    var leak: usize = 0;
+
+    Printer.fmt("\r\x1b[0K", .{}); // beginning of line and clear to end of line
+
+    for (builtin.test_functions) |t| {
+        if (isSetup(t)) {
+            t.func() catch |err| {
+                Printer.status(.fail, "\nsetup \"{s}\" failed: {}\n", .{ t.name, err });
+                return err;
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (builtin.test_functions) |t| {
+        if (isSetup(t) or isTeardown(t)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        var status = Status.pass;
+        slowest.startTiming();
+
+        const is_unnamed_test = isUnnamed(t);
+        if (env.filter) |f| {
+            if (!is_unnamed_test and std.mem.indexOf(u8, t.name, f) == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        const friendly_name = blk: {
+            const name = t.name;
+            var it = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, name, '.');
+            while (it.next()) |value| {
+                if (std.mem.eql(u8, value, "test")) {
+                    const rest = it.rest();
+                    break :blk if (rest.len > 0) rest else name;
+                }
+            }
+            break :blk name;
+        };
+
+        current_test = friendly_name;
+        std.testing.allocator_instance = .{};
+        const result = t.func();
+        current_test = null;
+
+        const ns_taken = slowest.endTiming(friendly_name);
+
+        if (std.testing.allocator_instance.deinit() == .leak) {
+            leak += 1;
+            Printer.status(.fail, "\n{s}\n\"{s}\" - Memory Leak\n{s}\n", .{ BORDER, friendly_name, BORDER });
+        }
+
+        if (result) |_| {
+            pass += 1;
+        } else |err| switch (err) {
+            error.SkipZigTest => {
+                skip += 1;
+                status = .skip;
+            },
+            else => {
+                status = .fail;
+                fail += 1;
+                Printer.status(.fail, "\n{s}\n\"{s}\" - {s}\n{s}\n", .{ BORDER, friendly_name, @errorName(err), BORDER });
+                if (@errorReturnTrace()) |trace| {
+                    std.debug.dumpStackTrace(trace.*);
+                }
+                if (env.fail_first) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            },
+        }
+
+        if (env.verbose) {
+            const ms = @as(f64, @floatFromInt(ns_taken)) / 1_000_000.0;
+            Printer.status(status, "\x1b[35m[{d: >10.2} ms]\x1b[0m {s: <30}", .{ ms, friendly_name });
+        } else {
+            Printer.status(status, ".", .{});
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (builtin.test_functions) |t| {
+        if (isTeardown(t)) {
+            t.func() catch |err| {
+                Printer.status(.fail, "\nteardown \"{s}\" failed: {}\n", .{ t.name, err });
+                return err;
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    const total_tests = pass + fail;
+    const status = if (fail == 0) Status.pass else Status.fail;
+    Printer.status(status, "\n{d} of {d} test{s} passed\n", .{ pass, total_tests, if (total_tests != 1) "s" else "" });
+    if (skip > 0) {
+        Printer.status(.skip, "{d} test{s} skipped\n", .{ skip, if (skip != 1) "s" else "" });
+    }
+    if (leak > 0) {
+        Printer.status(.fail, "{d} test{s} leaked\n", .{ leak, if (leak != 1) "s" else "" });
+    }
+    Printer.fmt("\n", .{});
+    try slowest.display();
+    Printer.fmt("\n", .{});
+    std.posix.exit(if (fail == 0) 0 else 1);
+}
+
+const Printer = struct {
+    fn fmt(comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) void {
+        std.debug.print(format, args);
+    }
+
+    fn status(s: Status, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) void {
+        switch (s) {
+            .pass => std.debug.print(format ++ "\x1b[32m✓\x1b[0m\n", args),
+            .fail => std.debug.print(format ++ "\x1b[31m✗\x1b[0m\n", args),
+            .skip => std.debug.print(format ++ "\x1b[33m \x1b[0m\n", args),
+            else => unreachable,
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+const Status = enum {
+    pass,
+    fail,
+    skip,
+    text,
+};
+
+const SlowTracker = struct {
+    const SlowestQueue = std.PriorityDequeue(TestInfo, void, compareTiming);
+    max: usize,
+    slowest: SlowestQueue,
+    timer: std.time.Timer,
+
+    fn init(allocator: Allocator, count: u32) SlowTracker {
+        const timer = std.time.Timer.start() catch @panic("failed to start timer");
+        var slowest = SlowestQueue.init(allocator, {});
+        slowest.ensureTotalCapacity(count) catch @panic("OOM");
+        return .{
+            .max = count,
+            .timer = timer,
+            .slowest = slowest,
+        };
+    }
+
+    const TestInfo = struct {
+        ns: u64,
+        name: []const u8,
+    };
+
+    fn deinit(self: SlowTracker) void {
+        self.slowest.deinit();
+    }
+
+    fn startTiming(self: *SlowTracker) void {
+        self.timer.reset();
+    }
+
+    fn endTiming(self: *SlowTracker, test_name: []const u8) u64 {
+        var timer = self.timer;
+        const ns = timer.lap();
+
+        var slowest = &self.slowest;
+
+        if (slowest.count() < self.max) {
+            // Capacity is fixed to the # of slow tests we want to track
+            // If we've tracked fewer tests than this capacity, than always add
+            slowest.add(TestInfo{ .ns = ns, .name = test_name }) catch @panic("failed to track test timing");
+            return ns;
+        }
+
+        {
+            // Optimization to avoid shifting the dequeue for the common case
+            // where the test isn't one of our slowest.
+            const fastest_of_the_slow = slowest.peekMin() orelse unreachable;
+            if (fastest_of_the_slow.ns > ns) {
+                // the test was faster than our fastest slow test, don't add
+                return ns;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // the previous fastest of our slow tests, has been pushed off.
+        _ = slowest.removeMin();
+        slowest.add(TestInfo{ .ns = ns, .name = test_name }) catch @panic("failed to track test timing");
+        return ns;
+    }
+
+    fn display(self: *SlowTracker) !void {
+        var slowest = self.slowest;
+        const count = slowest.count();
+        Printer.fmt("Slowest {d} test{s}: \n", .{ count, if (count != 1) "s" else "" });
+        while (slowest.removeMinOrNull()) |info| {
+            const ms = @as(f64, @floatFromInt(info.ns)) / 1_000_000.0;
+            Printer.fmt("  {d:.2}ms\t{s}\n", .{ ms, info.name });
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn compareTiming(context: void, a: TestInfo, b: TestInfo) std.math.Order {
+        _ = context;
+        return std.math.order(a.ns, b.ns);
+    }
+};
+
+const Env = struct {
+    verbose: bool,
+    fail_first: bool,
+    filter: ?[]const u8,
+
+    fn init(allocator: Allocator) Env {
+        return .{
+            .verbose = readEnvBool(allocator, "TEST_VERBOSE", true),
+            .fail_first = readEnvBool(allocator, "TEST_FAIL_FIRST", false),
+            .filter = readEnv(allocator, "TEST_FILTER"),
+        };
+    }
+
+    fn deinit(self: Env, allocator: Allocator) void {
+        if (self.filter) |f| {
+            allocator.free(f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn readEnv(allocator: Allocator, key: []const u8) ?[]const u8 {
+        const v = std.process.getEnvVarOwned(allocator, key) catch |err| {
+            if (err == error.EnvironmentVariableNotFound) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            std.log.warn("failed to get env var {s} due to err {}", .{ key, err });
+            return null;
+        };
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    fn readEnvBool(allocator: Allocator, key: []const u8, deflt: bool) bool {
+        const value = readEnv(allocator, key) orelse return deflt;
+        defer allocator.free(value);
+        return std.ascii.eqlIgnoreCase(value, "true");
+    }
+};
+
+pub const panic = std.debug.FullPanic(struct {
+    pub fn panicFn(msg: []const u8, first_trace_addr: ?usize) noreturn {
+        if (current_test) |ct| {
+            std.debug.print("\x1b[31m{s}\npanic running \"{s}\"\n{s}\x1b[0m\n", .{ BORDER, ct, BORDER });
+        }
+        std.debug.defaultPanic(msg, first_trace_addr);
+    }
+}.panicFn);
+
+fn isUnnamed(t: std.builtin.TestFn) bool {
+    const marker = ".test_";
+    const test_name = t.name;
+    const index = std.mem.indexOf(u8, test_name, marker) orelse return false;
+    _ = std.fmt.parseInt(u32, test_name[index + marker.len ..], 10) catch return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+fn isSetup(t: std.builtin.TestFn) bool {
+    return std.mem.endsWith(u8, t.name, "tests:beforeAll");
+}
+
+fn isTeardown(t: std.builtin.TestFn) bool {
+    return std.mem.endsWith(u8, t.name, "tests:afterAll");
+}