implementing proper pipeline cache

README.md

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ vkCreateGraphicsPipelines                        | ✅ Implemented
 vkCreateImage                                    | ✅ Implemented
 vkCreateImageView                                | ✅ Implemented
 vkCreateInstance                                 | ✅ Implemented
-vkCreatePipelineCache                            | ⚙️ WIP
+vkCreatePipelineCache                            | ✅ Implemented
 vkCreatePipelineLayout                           | ✅ Implemented
 vkCreateQueryPool                                | ✅ Implemented
 vkCreateRenderPass                               | ✅ Implemented
@@ -184,13 +184,13 @@ vkGetPhysicalDeviceWaylandPresentationSupportKHR | ✅ Implemented
 vkGetPhysicalDeviceWin32PresentationSupportKHR   | ⚙️ WIP
 vkGetPhysicalDeviceXcbPresentationSupportKHR     | ⚙️ WIP
 vkGetPhysicalDeviceXlibPresentationSupportKHR    | ⚙️ WIP
-vkGetPipelineCacheData                           | ⚙️ WIP
+vkGetPipelineCacheData                           | ✅ Implemented
 vkGetQueryPoolResults                            | ✅ Implemented
 vkGetRenderAreaGranularity                       | ✅ Implemented
 vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR                          | ✅ Implemented
 vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges                   | ✅ Implemented
 vkMapMemory                                      | ✅ Implemented
-vkMergePipelineCaches                            | ⚙️ WIP
+vkMergePipelineCaches                            | ✅ Implemented
 vkQueueBindSparse                                | ❎ Unsupported
 vkQueuePresentKHR                                | ✅ Implemented
 vkQueueSubmit                                    | ✅ Implemented

build.zig.zon

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
             .hash = "N-V-__8AAF9uOh0I4P_99za7N822J3JwsDaqONrFVrcEQo59",
         },
         .SPIRV_Interpreter = .{
-            .url = "git+https://git.kbz8.me/kbz_8/SPIRV-Interpreter#c7320325fdf6b1e5e6371ff620ed08b926587eed",
+            .url = "git+https://git.kbz8.me/kbz_8/SPIRV-Interpreter#5c1eb25b4835f4161dd49cd000b19ae1cca6e80a",
-            .hash = "SPIRV_Interpreter-0.0.1-ajmpn5F_BwBQHPDX6S9rSgLls4FYjpdxGD30B17paW7L",
+            .hash = "SPIRV_Interpreter-0.0.1-ajmpn8mDBwChlKPOGs3EkJl6RiTJYDcvpLbsIJaHBAOe",
             .lazy = true,
         },
         //.SPIRV_Interpreter = .{

src/soft/SoftPipeline.zig

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ const SoftImageView = @import("SoftImageView.zig");
 const SoftInstance = @import("SoftInstance.zig");
 const SoftSampler = @import("SoftSampler.zig");
 const SoftShaderModule = @import("SoftShaderModule.zig");
+const SoftPipelineCache = @import("SoftPipelineCache.zig");
 
 const Self = @This();
 pub const Interface = base.Pipeline;
@@ -66,6 +67,10 @@ pub fn createCompute(device: *base.Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cache:
     const soft_module: *SoftShaderModule = @alignCast(@fieldParentPtr("interface", module));
 
     const device_allocator = soft_device.device_allocator.allocator();
+    const soft_cache: ?*SoftPipelineCache = if (cache) |pipeline_cache|
+        @alignCast(@fieldParentPtr("interface", pipeline_cache))
+    else
+        null;
 
     self.* = .{
         .interface = interface,
@@ -85,56 +90,8 @@ pub fn createCompute(device: *base.Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cache:
         },
     };
 
-    self.stages.put(.compute, blk: {
+    self.stages.put(.compute, try createShader(allocator, device_allocator, runtimes_allocator, soft_cache, soft_module, &info.stage, runtimes_count));
-        var shader: Shader = undefined;
+    std.log.scoped(.ComputePipeline).debug("Created {d} runtimes for compute stage", .{runtimes_count});
-        soft_module.ref();
-        shader.module = soft_module;
-
-        const runtimes = runtimes_allocator.alloc(Runtime, runtimes_count) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory;
-
-        for (runtimes) |*runtime| {
-            runtime.mutex = .init;
-            runtime.rt = spv.Runtime.init(
-                runtimes_allocator,
-                &soft_module.module,
-                .{
-                    .readImageFloat4 = readImageFloat4,
-                    .readImageInt4 = readImageInt4,
-                    .writeImageFloat4 = writeImageFloat4,
-                    .writeImageInt4 = writeImageInt4,
-                    .sampleImageFloat4 = sampleImageFloat4,
-                    .sampleImageInt4 = sampleImageInt4,
-                    .sampleImageDref = sampleImageDref,
-                    .queryImageSize = queryImageSize,
-                },
-            ) catch |err| {
-                std.log.scoped(.SpvRuntimeInit).err("SPIR-V Runtime failed to initialize, {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
-                return VkError.Unknown;
-            };
-            if (info.stage.p_specialization_info) |specialization| {
-                if (specialization.p_map_entries) |map| {
-                    const data: []const u8 = @as([*]const u8, @ptrCast(@alignCast(specialization.p_data)))[0..specialization.data_size];
-                    for (map[0..], 0..specialization.map_entry_count) |entry, _| {
-                        runtime.rt.addSpecializationInfo(
-                            runtimes_allocator,
-                            .{
-                                .id = @intCast(entry.constant_id),
-                                .offset = @intCast(entry.offset),
-                                .size = @intCast(entry.size),
-                            },
-                            data,
-                        ) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        shader.runtimes = runtimes;
-        shader.entry = runtimes_allocator.dupe(u8, std.mem.span(info.stage.p_name)) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory;
-
-        std.log.scoped(.ComputePipeline).debug("Created {d} runtimes for compute stage", .{runtimes_count});
-        break :blk shader;
-    });
     return self;
 }
 
@@ -151,6 +108,10 @@ pub fn createGraphics(device: *base.Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cache:
 
     const soft_device: *SoftDevice = @alignCast(@fieldParentPtr("interface", device));
     const device_allocator = soft_device.device_allocator.allocator();
+    const soft_cache: ?*SoftPipelineCache = if (cache) |pipeline_cache|
+        @alignCast(@fieldParentPtr("interface", pipeline_cache))
+    else
+        null;
 
     self.* = .{
         .interface = interface,
@@ -172,50 +133,9 @@ pub fn createGraphics(device: *base.Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cache:
 
     if (info.p_stages) |stages| {
         for (stages[0..], 0..info.stage_count) |stage, _| {
-            var shader: Shader = undefined;
-
             const module = try NonDispatchable(ShaderModule).fromHandleObject(stage.module);
             const soft_module: *SoftShaderModule = @alignCast(@fieldParentPtr("interface", module));
-            soft_module.ref();
+            const shader = try createShader(allocator, device_allocator, runtimes_allocator, soft_cache, soft_module, &stage, runtimes_count);
-            shader.module = soft_module;
-
-            const runtimes = runtimes_allocator.alloc(Runtime, runtimes_count) catch return VkError.OutOfHostMemory;
-
-            for (runtimes) |*runtime| {
-                runtime.mutex = .init;
-                runtime.rt = spv.Runtime.init(
-                    runtimes_allocator,
-                    &soft_module.module,
-                    .{
-                        .readImageFloat4 = readImageFloat4,
-                        .readImageInt4 = readImageInt4,
-                        .writeImageFloat4 = writeImageFloat4,
-                        .writeImageInt4 = writeImageInt4,
-                        .sampleImageFloat4 = sampleImageFloat4,
-                        .sampleImageInt4 = sampleImageInt4,
-                        .sampleImageDref = sampleImageDref,
-                        .queryImageSize = queryImageSize,
-                    },
-                ) catch |err| {
-                    std.log.scoped(.SpvRuntimeInit).err("SPIR-V Runtime failed to initialize, {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
-                    return VkError.Unknown;
-                };
-                if (stage.p_specialization_info) |specialization| {
-                    if (specialization.p_map_entries) |map| {
-                        const data: []const u8 = @as([*]const u8, @ptrCast(@alignCast(specialization.p_data)))[0..specialization.data_size];
-                        for (map[0..], 0..specialization.map_entry_count) |entry, _| {
-                            runtime.rt.addSpecializationInfo(runtimes_allocator, .{
-                                .id = @intCast(entry.constant_id),
-                                .offset = @intCast(entry.offset),
-                                .size = @intCast(entry.size),
-                            }, data) catch return VkError.OutOfHostMemory;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            shader.runtimes = runtimes;
-            shader.entry = runtimes_allocator.dupe(u8, std.mem.span(stage.p_name)) catch return VkError.OutOfHostMemory;
 
             std.log.scoped(.GraphicsPipeline).debug("Created {d} runtimes for:", .{runtimes_count});
 
@@ -262,6 +182,115 @@ pub fn destroy(interface: *Interface, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
     allocator.destroy(self);
 }
 
+fn createShader(
+    object_allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+    cache_allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+    runtimes_allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+    cache: ?*SoftPipelineCache,
+    module: *SoftShaderModule,
+    stage: *const vk.PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo,
+    runtimes_count: usize,
+) VkError!Shader {
+    const entry = std.mem.span(stage.p_name);
+    const runtimes = runtimes_allocator.alloc(Runtime, runtimes_count) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory;
+    var initialized: usize = 0;
+    var module_ref = false;
+    errdefer {
+        for (runtimes[0..initialized]) |*runtime| {
+            runtime.rt.deinit(runtimes_allocator);
+        }
+        if (module_ref) {
+            module.unref(object_allocator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    module.ref();
+    module_ref = true;
+
+    const image_api = imageApi();
+    var cache_hit = false;
+    if (cache) |pipeline_cache| {
+        if (try pipeline_cache.cloneRuntime(runtimes_allocator, module, entry, stage.p_specialization_info, image_api)) |runtime| {
+            runtimes[0] = .{
+                .mutex = .init,
+                .rt = runtime,
+            };
+            initialized = 1;
+            cache_hit = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (cache_hit) {
+        for (runtimes[initialized..]) |*runtime| {
+            runtime.* = .{
+                .mutex = .init,
+                .rt = (try cache.?.cloneRuntime(runtimes_allocator, module, entry, stage.p_specialization_info, image_api)).?,
+            };
+            initialized += 1;
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (runtimes) |*runtime| {
+            runtime.* = .{
+                .mutex = .init,
+                .rt = try initRuntime(runtimes_allocator, module, stage, image_api),
+            };
+            initialized += 1;
+        }
+
+        if (cache) |pipeline_cache| {
+            try pipeline_cache.storeRuntimeTemplate(object_allocator, cache_allocator, module, entry, stage.p_specialization_info, image_api);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return .{
+        .module = module,
+        .runtimes = runtimes,
+        .entry = runtimes_allocator.dupe(u8, entry) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory,
+    };
+}
+
+fn initRuntime(
+    allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+    module: *SoftShaderModule,
+    stage: *const vk.PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo,
+    image_api: spv.Runtime.ImageAPI,
+) VkError!spv.Runtime {
+    var runtime = spv.Runtime.init(allocator, &module.module, image_api) catch |err| {
+        std.log.scoped(.SpvRuntimeInit).err("SPIR-V Runtime failed to initialize, {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        return VkError.Unknown;
+    };
+    errdefer runtime.deinit(allocator);
+
+    try applySpecialization(&runtime, allocator, stage.p_specialization_info);
+    return runtime;
+}
+
+fn applySpecialization(runtime: *spv.Runtime, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, specialization: ?*const vk.SpecializationInfo) VkError!void {
+    const info = specialization orelse return;
+    const map = info.p_map_entries orelse return;
+    const data: []const u8 = @as([*]const u8, @ptrCast(@alignCast(info.p_data)))[0..info.data_size];
+    for (map[0..info.map_entry_count]) |entry| {
+        runtime.addSpecializationInfo(allocator, .{
+            .id = @intCast(entry.constant_id),
+            .offset = @intCast(entry.offset),
+            .size = @intCast(entry.size),
+        }, data) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory;
+    }
+}
+
+fn imageApi() spv.Runtime.ImageAPI {
+    return .{
+        .readImageFloat4 = readImageFloat4,
+        .readImageInt4 = readImageInt4,
+        .writeImageFloat4 = writeImageFloat4,
+        .writeImageInt4 = writeImageInt4,
+        .sampleImageFloat4 = sampleImageFloat4,
+        .sampleImageInt4 = sampleImageInt4,
+        .sampleImageDref = sampleImageDref,
+        .queryImageSize = queryImageSize,
+    };
+}
+
 fn readImageFloat4(context: *anyopaque, dim: spv.SpvDim, x: i32, y: i32, z: i32) SpvRuntimeError!spv.Runtime.Vec4(f32) {
     var pixel = zm.f32x4s(0.0);
     if (dim == .Buffer) {

src/soft/SoftPipelineCache.zig

@@ -1,14 +1,50 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const vk = @import("vulkan");
 const base = @import("base");
+const spv = @import("spv");
 
 const VkError = base.VkError;
-const Device = base.Device;
+const SoftDevice = @import("SoftDevice.zig");
+const SoftShaderModule = @import("SoftShaderModule.zig");
 
 const Self = @This();
 pub const Interface = base.PipelineCache;
 
+const SpecConstant = struct {
+    id: u32,
+    data: []u8,
+};
+
+const CacheRecord = extern struct {
+    magic: [8]u8,
+    version: u32,
+    code_hash: u64,
+    entry_hash: u64,
+    spec_hash: u64,
+};
+
+const CachedShader = struct {
+    module: *SoftShaderModule,
+    entry: []u8,
+    specs: []SpecConstant,
+    runtime: spv.Runtime,
+
+    fn deinit(self: *@This(), object_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, data_allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
+        self.module.unref(object_allocator);
+        data_allocator.free(self.entry);
+        for (self.specs) |spec| {
+            data_allocator.free(spec.data);
+        }
+        if (self.specs.len != 0) {
+            data_allocator.free(self.specs);
+        }
+        self.runtime.deinit(data_allocator);
+    }
+};
+
 interface: Interface,
+mutex: std.Io.Mutex,
+shaders: std.ArrayList(CachedShader),
 
 pub fn create(device: *base.Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, info: *const vk.PipelineCacheCreateInfo) VkError!*Self {
     const self = allocator.create(Self) catch return VkError.OutOfHostMemory;
@@ -22,11 +58,181 @@ pub fn create(device: *base.Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, info: *const v
 
     self.* = .{
         .interface = interface,
+        .mutex = .init,
+        .shaders = .empty,
     };
     return self;
 }
 
 pub fn destroy(interface: *Interface, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
     const self: *Self = @alignCast(@fieldParentPtr("interface", interface));
+    const soft_device: *SoftDevice = @alignCast(@fieldParentPtr("interface", interface.owner));
+    const data_allocator = soft_device.device_allocator.allocator();
+
+    for (self.shaders.items) |*shader| {
+        shader.deinit(allocator, data_allocator);
+    }
+    self.shaders.deinit(data_allocator);
     allocator.destroy(self);
 }
+
+pub fn cloneRuntime(
+    self: *Self,
+    allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+    module: *SoftShaderModule,
+    entry: []const u8,
+    specialization: ?*const vk.SpecializationInfo,
+    image_api: spv.Runtime.ImageAPI,
+) VkError!?spv.Runtime {
+    const io = self.interface.owner.io();
+    self.mutex.lock(io) catch return VkError.DeviceLost;
+    defer self.mutex.unlock(io);
+
+    for (self.shaders.items) |*shader| {
+        if (shader.module == module and std.mem.eql(u8, shader.entry, entry) and specsEqual(shader.specs, specialization)) {
+            return spv.Runtime.initFrom(allocator, &shader.runtime, image_api) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return null;
+}
+
+pub fn storeRuntimeTemplate(
+    self: *Self,
+    object_allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+    data_allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+    module: *SoftShaderModule,
+    entry: []const u8,
+    specialization: ?*const vk.SpecializationInfo,
+    image_api: spv.Runtime.ImageAPI,
+) VkError!void {
+    const io = self.interface.owner.io();
+    self.mutex.lock(io) catch return VkError.DeviceLost;
+    defer self.mutex.unlock(io);
+
+    for (self.shaders.items) |*shader| {
+        if (shader.module == module and
+            std.mem.eql(u8, shader.entry, entry) and
+            specsEqual(shader.specs, specialization))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    var cached: CachedShader = .{
+        .module = module,
+        .entry = data_allocator.dupe(u8, entry) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory,
+        .specs = try cloneSpecs(data_allocator, specialization),
+        .runtime = spv.Runtime.init(data_allocator, &module.module, image_api) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory,
+    };
+
+    var module_ref = false;
+    errdefer {
+        if (module_ref) cached.module.unref(object_allocator);
+        data_allocator.free(cached.entry);
+        for (cached.specs) |spec| {
+            data_allocator.free(spec.data);
+        }
+        if (cached.specs.len != 0) {
+            data_allocator.free(cached.specs);
+        }
+        cached.runtime.deinit(data_allocator);
+    }
+
+    module.ref();
+    module_ref = true;
+    try applySpecialization(&cached.runtime, data_allocator, specialization);
+    try appendCacheRecord(&self.interface, module, entry, cached.specs);
+
+    self.shaders.append(data_allocator, cached) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory;
+}
+
+fn applySpecialization(runtime: *spv.Runtime, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, specialization: ?*const vk.SpecializationInfo) VkError!void {
+    const info = specialization orelse return;
+    const entries = info.p_map_entries orelse return;
+    const data = specializationData(info);
+
+    for (entries[0..info.map_entry_count]) |entry| {
+        runtime.addSpecializationInfo(
+            allocator,
+            .{
+                .id = @intCast(entry.constant_id),
+                .offset = @intCast(entry.offset),
+                .size = @intCast(entry.size),
+            },
+            data,
+        ) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory;
+    }
+}
+
+fn cloneSpecs(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, specialization: ?*const vk.SpecializationInfo) VkError![]SpecConstant {
+    const info = specialization orelse return &.{};
+    const entries = info.p_map_entries orelse return &.{};
+    if (info.map_entry_count == 0) return &.{};
+
+    const data = specializationData(info);
+    const specs = allocator.alloc(SpecConstant, info.map_entry_count) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory;
+    var initialized: usize = 0;
+    errdefer {
+        for (specs[0..initialized]) |spec| {
+            allocator.free(spec.data);
+        }
+        if (specs.len != 0) {
+            allocator.free(specs);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (specs, entries[0..info.map_entry_count]) |*spec, entry| {
+        spec.* = .{
+            .id = entry.constant_id,
+            .data = allocator.dupe(u8, data[entry.offset .. entry.offset + entry.size]) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory,
+        };
+        initialized += 1;
+    }
+
+    return specs;
+}
+
+fn specsEqual(specs: []const SpecConstant, specialization: ?*const vk.SpecializationInfo) bool {
+    const info = specialization orelse return specs.len == 0;
+    const entries = info.p_map_entries orelse return specs.len == 0;
+    if (specs.len != info.map_entry_count) return false;
+
+    const data = specializationData(info);
+    for (specs) |spec| {
+        var found = false;
+        for (entries[0..info.map_entry_count]) |entry| {
+            if (spec.id != entry.constant_id) continue;
+            if (!std.mem.eql(u8, spec.data, data[entry.offset .. entry.offset + entry.size])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            found = true;
+            break;
+        }
+        if (!found) return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+fn specializationData(info: *const vk.SpecializationInfo) []const u8 {
+    return @as([*]const u8, @ptrCast(@alignCast(info.p_data)))[0..info.data_size];
+}
+
+fn appendCacheRecord(interface: *Interface, module: *SoftShaderModule, entry: []const u8, specs: []const SpecConstant) VkError!void {
+    var spec_hasher = std.hash.Wyhash.init(0);
+    for (specs) |spec| {
+        spec_hasher.update(std.mem.asBytes(&spec.id));
+        spec_hasher.update(spec.data);
+    }
+
+    const record: CacheRecord = .{
+        .magic = "APESOFTC".*,
+        .version = 1,
+        .code_hash = std.hash.Wyhash.hash(0, std.mem.sliceAsBytes(module.module.code)),
+        .entry_hash = std.hash.Wyhash.hash(0, entry),
+        .spec_hash = spec_hasher.final(),
+    };
+
+    try interface.appendPayload(std.mem.asBytes(&record));
+}

src/soft/device/Renderer.zig

@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ pub const Vertex = struct {
 pub const DrawCall = struct {
     renderer: *Self,
     vertices: []Vertex,
+    vertex_count: usize,
+    instance_count: usize,
 
     viewport: vk.Viewport,
     scissor: vk.Rect2D,
@@ -87,6 +89,8 @@ pub const DrawCall = struct {
 
         const self: @This() = .{
             .vertices = allocator.alloc(Vertex, vertex_count * instance_count) catch return VkError.OutOfDeviceMemory,
+            .vertex_count = vertex_count,
+            .instance_count = instance_count,
             .renderer = renderer,
             .viewport = undefined,
             .scissor = undefined,

src/soft/device/blitter.zig

@@ -560,19 +560,37 @@ inline fn normalizedI16(value: u16) f32 {
     return @max(@as(f32, @floatFromInt(signed)) / @as(f32, @floatFromInt(std.math.maxInt(i16))), -1.0);
 }
 
+inline fn signedBits(value: u32, comptime bits: u5) i32 {
+    const shift: u5 = @intCast(32 - @as(u32, bits));
+    return @as(i32, @bitCast(value << shift)) >> shift;
+}
+
+inline fn normalizedSignedBits(value: u32, comptime bits: u5) f32 {
+    const max = (1 << (bits - 1)) - 1;
+    return @max(@as(f32, @floatFromInt(signedBits(value, bits))) / @as(f32, @floatFromInt(max)), -1.0);
+}
+
 pub fn readFloat4(map: []const u8, src_format: vk.Format) F32x4 {
     var c: F32x4 = .{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 };
 
     switch (src_format) {
+        .r8_uscaled => c[0] = @floatFromInt(map[0]),
+
         .r8_uint,
         .r8_unorm,
         .r8_srgb,
         => c[0] = @as(f32, @floatFromInt(map[0])) / std.math.maxInt(u8),
 
+        .r8_sscaled => c[0] = @floatFromInt(@as(i8, @bitCast(map[0]))),
+
         .r8_sint,
         .r8_snorm,
         => c[0] = normalizedI8(map[0]),
 
+        .r16_uscaled => c[0] = @floatFromInt(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map)),
+
+        .r16_sscaled => c[0] = @floatFromInt(@as(i16, @bitCast(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map)))),
+
         .r16_snorm => c[0] = normalizedI16(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map)),
         .r16_unorm,
         .d16_unorm,
@@ -592,6 +610,11 @@ pub fn readFloat4(map: []const u8, src_format: vk.Format) F32x4 {
             c[3] = @as(f32, @floatFromInt(map[3])) / std.math.maxInt(u8);
         },
 
+        .r8g8_uscaled => {
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(map[0]);
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt(map[1]);
+        },
+
         .r8g8_uint,
         .r8g8_unorm,
         .r8g8_srgb,
@@ -600,6 +623,11 @@ pub fn readFloat4(map: []const u8, src_format: vk.Format) F32x4 {
             c[1] = @as(f32, @floatFromInt(map[1])) / std.math.maxInt(u8);
         },
 
+        .r8g8_sscaled => {
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(@as(i8, @bitCast(map[0])));
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt(@as(i8, @bitCast(map[1])));
+        },
+
         .r8g8_sint,
         .r8g8_snorm,
         => {
@@ -607,6 +635,20 @@ pub fn readFloat4(map: []const u8, src_format: vk.Format) F32x4 {
             c[1] = normalizedI8(map[1]);
         },
 
+        .r8g8b8a8_uscaled => {
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(map[0]);
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt(map[1]);
+            c[2] = @floatFromInt(map[2]);
+            c[3] = @floatFromInt(map[3]);
+        },
+
+        .r8g8b8a8_sscaled => {
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(@as(i8, @bitCast(map[0])));
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt(@as(i8, @bitCast(map[1])));
+            c[2] = @floatFromInt(@as(i8, @bitCast(map[2])));
+            c[3] = @floatFromInt(@as(i8, @bitCast(map[3])));
+        },
+
         .r8g8b8a8_snorm => {
             c[0] = normalizedI8(map[0]);
             c[1] = normalizedI8(map[1]);
@@ -652,6 +694,11 @@ pub fn readFloat4(map: []const u8, src_format: vk.Format) F32x4 {
 
         .r16_sfloat => c[0] = std.mem.bytesToValue(f16, map),
 
+        .r16g16_uscaled => {
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[0..]));
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[2..]));
+        },
+
         .r16g16_sint,
         .r16g16_uint,
         => {
@@ -659,6 +706,11 @@ pub fn readFloat4(map: []const u8, src_format: vk.Format) F32x4 {
             c[1] = @floatFromInt(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[2..]));
         },
 
+        .r16g16_sscaled => {
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(@as(i16, @bitCast(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[0..]))));
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt(@as(i16, @bitCast(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[2..]))));
+        },
+
         .r16g16_snorm => {
             c[0] = normalizedI16(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[0..]));
             c[1] = normalizedI16(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[2..]));
@@ -702,6 +754,20 @@ pub fn readFloat4(map: []const u8, src_format: vk.Format) F32x4 {
             c[3] = @as(f32, @floatFromInt(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[6..]))) / std.math.maxInt(u16);
         },
 
+        .r16g16b16a16_uscaled => {
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[0..]));
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[2..]));
+            c[2] = @floatFromInt(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[4..]));
+            c[3] = @floatFromInt(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[6..]));
+        },
+
+        .r16g16b16a16_sscaled => {
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(@as(i16, @bitCast(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[0..]))));
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt(@as(i16, @bitCast(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[2..]))));
+            c[2] = @floatFromInt(@as(i16, @bitCast(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[4..]))));
+            c[3] = @floatFromInt(@as(i16, @bitCast(std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map[6..]))));
+        },
+
         .r16g16b16a16_sint,
         .r16g16b16a16_snorm,
         => {
@@ -749,6 +815,22 @@ pub fn readFloat4(map: []const u8, src_format: vk.Format) F32x4 {
             c[3] = normalizedI8(pack[3]);
         },
 
+        .a8b8g8r8_uscaled_pack32 => {
+            const pack = std.mem.bytesToValue(@Vector(4, u8), map);
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(pack[0]);
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt(pack[1]);
+            c[2] = @floatFromInt(pack[2]);
+            c[3] = @floatFromInt(pack[3]);
+        },
+
+        .a8b8g8r8_sscaled_pack32 => {
+            const pack = std.mem.bytesToValue(@Vector(4, u8), map);
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(@as(i8, @bitCast(pack[0])));
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt(@as(i8, @bitCast(pack[1])));
+            c[2] = @floatFromInt(@as(i8, @bitCast(pack[2])));
+            c[3] = @floatFromInt(@as(i8, @bitCast(pack[3])));
+        },
+
         .a2b10g10r10_uint_pack32,
         .a2b10g10r10_unorm_pack32,
         => {
@@ -759,6 +841,30 @@ pub fn readFloat4(map: []const u8, src_format: vk.Format) F32x4 {
             c[3] = @as(f32, @floatFromInt((pack & 0xC0000000) >> 30)) / std.math.maxInt(u2);
         },
 
+        .a2b10g10r10_uscaled_pack32 => {
+            const pack = std.mem.bytesToValue(u32, map);
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(pack & 0x000003FF);
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt((pack & 0x000FFC00) >> 10);
+            c[2] = @floatFromInt((pack & 0x3FF00000) >> 20);
+            c[3] = @floatFromInt((pack & 0xC0000000) >> 30);
+        },
+
+        .a2b10g10r10_sscaled_pack32 => {
+            const pack = std.mem.bytesToValue(u32, map);
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(signedBits(pack & 0x000003FF, 10));
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt(signedBits((pack & 0x000FFC00) >> 10, 10));
+            c[2] = @floatFromInt(signedBits((pack & 0x3FF00000) >> 20, 10));
+            c[3] = @floatFromInt(signedBits((pack & 0xC0000000) >> 30, 2));
+        },
+
+        .a2b10g10r10_snorm_pack32 => {
+            const pack = std.mem.bytesToValue(u32, map);
+            c[0] = normalizedSignedBits(pack & 0x000003FF, 10);
+            c[1] = normalizedSignedBits((pack & 0x000FFC00) >> 10, 10);
+            c[2] = normalizedSignedBits((pack & 0x3FF00000) >> 20, 10);
+            c[3] = normalizedSignedBits((pack & 0xC0000000) >> 30, 2);
+        },
+
         .a2r10g10b10_uint_pack32,
         .a2r10g10b10_unorm_pack32,
         => {
@@ -769,6 +875,30 @@ pub fn readFloat4(map: []const u8, src_format: vk.Format) F32x4 {
             c[3] = @as(f32, @floatFromInt((pack & 0xC0000000) >> 30)) / std.math.maxInt(u2);
         },
 
+        .a2r10g10b10_uscaled_pack32 => {
+            const pack = std.mem.bytesToValue(u32, map);
+            c[2] = @floatFromInt(pack & 0x000003FF);
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt((pack & 0x000FFC00) >> 10);
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt((pack & 0x3FF00000) >> 20);
+            c[3] = @floatFromInt((pack & 0xC0000000) >> 30);
+        },
+
+        .a2r10g10b10_sscaled_pack32 => {
+            const pack = std.mem.bytesToValue(u32, map);
+            c[2] = @floatFromInt(signedBits(pack & 0x000003FF, 10));
+            c[1] = @floatFromInt(signedBits((pack & 0x000FFC00) >> 10, 10));
+            c[0] = @floatFromInt(signedBits((pack & 0x3FF00000) >> 20, 10));
+            c[3] = @floatFromInt(signedBits((pack & 0xC0000000) >> 30, 2));
+        },
+
+        .a2r10g10b10_snorm_pack32 => {
+            const pack = std.mem.bytesToValue(u32, map);
+            c[2] = normalizedSignedBits(pack & 0x000003FF, 10);
+            c[1] = normalizedSignedBits((pack & 0x000FFC00) >> 10, 10);
+            c[0] = normalizedSignedBits((pack & 0x3FF00000) >> 20, 10);
+            c[3] = normalizedSignedBits((pack & 0xC0000000) >> 30, 2);
+        },
+
         .r5g6b5_unorm_pack16 => {
             const pack = std.mem.bytesToValue(u16, map);
             c[0] = @as(f32, @floatFromInt((pack & 0xF800) >> 11)) / std.math.maxInt(u5);
@@ -1267,6 +1397,14 @@ pub fn readInt4(map: []const u8, src_format: vk.Format) U32x4 {
             c[3] = (pack & 0xC0000000) >> 30;
         },
 
+        .a2b10g10r10_sint_pack32 => {
+            const pack = std.mem.bytesToValue(u32, map);
+            c[0] = @bitCast(signedBits(pack & 0x000003FF, 10));
+            c[1] = @bitCast(signedBits((pack & 0x000FFC00) >> 10, 10));
+            c[2] = @bitCast(signedBits((pack & 0x3FF00000) >> 20, 10));
+            c[3] = @bitCast(signedBits((pack & 0xC0000000) >> 30, 2));
+        },
+
         .a2r10g10b10_unorm_pack32,
         .a2r10g10b10_uint_pack32,
         => {
@@ -1277,6 +1415,14 @@ pub fn readInt4(map: []const u8, src_format: vk.Format) U32x4 {
             c[3] = (pack & 0xC0000000) >> 30;
         },
 
+        .a2r10g10b10_sint_pack32 => {
+            const pack = std.mem.bytesToValue(u32, map);
+            c[2] = @bitCast(signedBits(pack & 0x000003FF, 10));
+            c[1] = @bitCast(signedBits((pack & 0x000FFC00) >> 10, 10));
+            c[0] = @bitCast(signedBits((pack & 0x3FF00000) >> 20, 10));
+            c[3] = @bitCast(signedBits((pack & 0xC0000000) >> 30, 2));
+        },
+
         else => base.unsupported("Blitter: read int from source format {any}", .{src_format}),
     }
 

src/soft/device/rasterizer.zig

@@ -121,41 +121,50 @@ pub fn processThenFragmentStage(renderer: *Renderer, allocator: std.mem.Allocato
     };
 
     switch (topology) {
-        .point_list => for (draw_call.vertices) |*vertex| {
+        .point_list => for (0..draw_call.instance_count) |instance_index| {
-            if (vertex.primitive_restart)
+            const range = instanceVertexRange(draw_call, instance_index);
-                continue;
+            for (draw_call.vertices[range.start..range.end]) |*vertex| {
+                if (vertex.primitive_restart)
+                    continue;
 
-            try clipTransformAndRasterizePoint(
+                try clipTransformAndRasterizePoint(
-                allocator,
+                    allocator,
-                draw_call,
+                    draw_call,
-                vertex,
+                    vertex,
-                color_attachment_access,
+                    color_attachment_access,
-                if (depth_attachment_access) |*access| access else null,
+                    if (depth_attachment_access) |*access| access else null,
-                if (stencil_attachment_access) |*access| access else null,
+                    if (stencil_attachment_access) |*access| access else null,
-            );
+                );
+            }
         },
-        .triangle_list => for (0..@divTrunc(draw_call.vertices.len, 3)) |triangle_index| {
+        .triangle_list => for (0..draw_call.instance_count) |instance_index| {
-            const first_vertex = triangle_index * 3;
+            const range = instanceVertexRange(draw_call, instance_index);
-            const v0 = &draw_call.vertices[first_vertex + 0];
+            const vertex_count = range.end - range.start;
-            const v1 = &draw_call.vertices[first_vertex + 1];
+            for (0..@divTrunc(vertex_count, 3)) |triangle_index| {
-            const v2 = &draw_call.vertices[first_vertex + 2];
+                const first_vertex = range.start + triangle_index * 3;
+                const v0 = &draw_call.vertices[first_vertex + 0];
+                const v1 = &draw_call.vertices[first_vertex + 1];
+                const v2 = &draw_call.vertices[first_vertex + 2];
 
-            try clipTransformAndRasterizeTriangle(
+                try clipTransformAndRasterizeTriangle(
-                renderer,
+                    renderer,
-                allocator,
+                    allocator,
-                draw_call,
+                    draw_call,
-                v0,
+                    v0,
-                v1,
+                    v1,
-                v2,
+                    v2,
-                color_attachment_access,
+                    color_attachment_access,
-                if (depth_attachment_access) |*access| access else null,
+                    if (depth_attachment_access) |*access| access else null,
-                if (stencil_attachment_access) |*access| access else null,
+                    if (stencil_attachment_access) |*access| access else null,
-            );
+                );
+            }
         },
         .triangle_fan => {
-            var segment_start = firstNonRestart(draw_call, 0);
+            for (0..draw_call.instance_count) |instance_index| {
-            while (segment_start < draw_call.vertices.len) {
+                const range = instanceVertexRange(draw_call, instance_index);
-                const segment_end = nextRestart(draw_call, segment_start);
+                var segment_start = firstNonRestart(draw_call, range.start, range.end);
+                while (segment_start < range.end) {
+                    const segment_end = nextRestart(draw_call, segment_start, range.end);
                 if (segment_end - segment_start >= 3) {
                     const v0 = &draw_call.vertices[segment_start];
                     for ((segment_start + 1)..(segment_end - 1)) |vertex_index| {
@@ -175,13 +184,16 @@ pub fn processThenFragmentStage(renderer: *Renderer, allocator: std.mem.Allocato
                         );
                     }
                 }
-                segment_start = firstNonRestart(draw_call, segment_end + 1);
+                    segment_start = firstNonRestart(draw_call, segment_end + 1, range.end);
+                }
             }
         },
         .triangle_strip => {
-            var segment_start = firstNonRestart(draw_call, 0);
+            for (0..draw_call.instance_count) |instance_index| {
-            while (segment_start < draw_call.vertices.len) {
+                const range = instanceVertexRange(draw_call, instance_index);
-                const segment_end = nextRestart(draw_call, segment_start);
+                var segment_start = firstNonRestart(draw_call, range.start, range.end);
+                while (segment_start < range.end) {
+                    const segment_end = nextRestart(draw_call, segment_start, range.end);
                 if (segment_end - segment_start >= 3) {
                     for (segment_start..(segment_end - 2)) |vertex_index| {
                         const local_index = vertex_index - segment_start;
@@ -216,28 +228,35 @@ pub fn processThenFragmentStage(renderer: *Renderer, allocator: std.mem.Allocato
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                segment_start = firstNonRestart(draw_call, segment_end + 1);
+                    segment_start = firstNonRestart(draw_call, segment_end + 1, range.end);
+                }
             }
         },
-        .line_list => for (0..@divTrunc(draw_call.vertices.len, 2)) |line_index| {
+        .line_list => for (0..draw_call.instance_count) |instance_index| {
-            const first_vertex = line_index * 2;
+            const range = instanceVertexRange(draw_call, instance_index);
-            const v0 = &draw_call.vertices[first_vertex + 0];
+            const vertex_count = range.end - range.start;
-            const v1 = &draw_call.vertices[first_vertex + 1];
+            for (0..@divTrunc(vertex_count, 2)) |line_index| {
+                const first_vertex = range.start + line_index * 2;
+                const v0 = &draw_call.vertices[first_vertex + 0];
+                const v1 = &draw_call.vertices[first_vertex + 1];
 
-            try clipTransformAndRasterizeLine(
+                try clipTransformAndRasterizeLine(
-                allocator,
+                    allocator,
-                draw_call,
+                    draw_call,
-                v0,
+                    v0,
-                v1,
+                    v1,
-                color_attachment_access,
+                    color_attachment_access,
-                if (depth_attachment_access) |*access| access else null,
+                    if (depth_attachment_access) |*access| access else null,
-                if (stencil_attachment_access) |*access| access else null,
+                    if (stencil_attachment_access) |*access| access else null,
-            );
+                );
+            }
         },
         .line_strip => {
-            var segment_start = firstNonRestart(draw_call, 0);
+            for (0..draw_call.instance_count) |instance_index| {
-            while (segment_start < draw_call.vertices.len) {
+                const range = instanceVertexRange(draw_call, instance_index);
-                const segment_end = nextRestart(draw_call, segment_start);
+                var segment_start = firstNonRestart(draw_call, range.start, range.end);
+                while (segment_start < range.end) {
+                    const segment_end = nextRestart(draw_call, segment_start, range.end);
                 if (segment_end - segment_start >= 2) {
                     for (segment_start..(segment_end - 1)) |vertex_index| {
                         const v0 = &draw_call.vertices[vertex_index + 0];
@@ -254,7 +273,8 @@ pub fn processThenFragmentStage(renderer: *Renderer, allocator: std.mem.Allocato
                         );
                     }
                 }
-                segment_start = firstNonRestart(draw_call, segment_end + 1);
+                    segment_start = firstNonRestart(draw_call, segment_end + 1, range.end);
+                }
             }
         },
         else => base.unsupported("primitive topology {any}", .{topology}),
@@ -263,15 +283,28 @@ pub fn processThenFragmentStage(renderer: *Renderer, allocator: std.mem.Allocato
     draw_call.rasterizer_wait_group.await(io) catch return VkError.DeviceLost;
 }
 
-fn firstNonRestart(draw_call: *const DrawCall, start: usize) usize {
+const VertexRange = struct {
+    start: usize,
+    end: usize,
+};
+
+fn instanceVertexRange(draw_call: *const DrawCall, instance_index: usize) VertexRange {
+    const start = instance_index * draw_call.vertex_count;
+    return .{
+        .start = start,
+        .end = @min(start + draw_call.vertex_count, draw_call.vertices.len),
+    };
+}
+
+fn firstNonRestart(draw_call: *const DrawCall, start: usize, end: usize) usize {
     var index = start;
-    while (index < draw_call.vertices.len and draw_call.vertices[index].primitive_restart) : (index += 1) {}
+    while (index < end and draw_call.vertices[index].primitive_restart) : (index += 1) {}
     return index;
 }
 
-fn nextRestart(draw_call: *const DrawCall, start: usize) usize {
+fn nextRestart(draw_call: *const DrawCall, start: usize, end: usize) usize {
     var index = start;
-    while (index < draw_call.vertices.len and !draw_call.vertices[index].primitive_restart) : (index += 1) {}
+    while (index < end and !draw_call.vertices[index].primitive_restart) : (index += 1) {}
     return index;
 }
 

src/soft/device/vertex_dispatcher.zig

@@ -75,13 +75,21 @@ inline fn run(data: RunData) !void {
 
         if (data.pipeline.interface.mode.graphics.input_assembly.attribute_description) |attributes| {
             for (attributes) |attribute| {
-                const binding_info = (data.pipeline.interface.mode.graphics.input_assembly.binding_description orelse return)[attribute.binding];
+                const binding_info = findBindingDescription(
+                    data.pipeline.interface.mode.graphics.input_assembly.binding_description orelse return,
+                    attribute.binding,
+                ) orelse return VkError.ValidationFailed;
 
                 const vertex_buffer = data.draw_call.renderer.state.data.graphics.vertex_buffers[attribute.binding];
                 const buffer = vertex_buffer.buffer;
                 const buffer_memory_size = base.format.texelSize(attribute.format);
                 const buffer_memory = if (buffer.interface.memory) |memory| memory else return VkError.InvalidDeviceMemoryDrv;
-                const offset = buffer.interface.offset + vertex_buffer.offset + (binding_info.stride * vertex_index) + attribute.offset;
+                const input_index = switch (binding_info.input_rate) {
+                    .vertex => vertex_index,
+                    .instance => data.instance_index,
+                    else => return VkError.ValidationFailed,
+                };
+                const offset = buffer.interface.offset + vertex_buffer.offset + (binding_info.stride * input_index) + attribute.offset;
 
                 const buffer_memory_map: []u8 = try buffer_memory.map(offset, buffer_memory_size);
 
@@ -91,7 +99,6 @@ inline fn run(data: RunData) !void {
 
         rt.callEntryPoint(data.allocator, entry) catch |err| switch (err) {
             // Some errors can be safely ignored
-            SpvRuntimeError.OutOfBounds => {},
             SpvRuntimeError.Killed => {
                 try rt.flushDescriptorSets(data.allocator);
                 return;
@@ -99,7 +106,7 @@ inline fn run(data: RunData) !void {
             else => return err,
         };
 
-        try rt.readBuiltIn(std.mem.asBytes(&output.position), .Position);
+        try readPosition(rt, std.mem.asBytes(&output.position));
 
         for (0..spv.SPIRV_MAX_OUTPUT_LOCATIONS) |location| {
             for (0..4) |component| {
@@ -129,6 +136,72 @@ inline fn run(data: RunData) !void {
     }
 }
 
+fn findBindingDescription(binding_descriptions: []const vk.VertexInputBindingDescription, binding: u32) ?vk.VertexInputBindingDescription {
+    for (binding_descriptions) |description| {
+        if (description.binding == binding)
+            return description;
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+
+fn readPosition(rt: *spv.Runtime, output: []u8) !void {
+    if (rt.readBuiltIn(output, .Position)) {
+        return;
+    } else |err| switch (err) {
+        SpvRuntimeError.InvalidSpirV => {},
+        else => return err,
+    }
+
+    for (rt.results) |*result| {
+        const variant = result.variant orelse continue;
+        switch (variant) {
+            .AccessChain => |*access_chain| {
+                if (access_chain.indexes.len == 0)
+                    continue;
+
+                const base_variant = rt.results[access_chain.base].variant orelse continue;
+                switch (base_variant) {
+                    .Variable => |variable| {
+                        if (variable.storage_class != .Output)
+                            continue;
+                    },
+                    else => continue,
+                }
+
+                if (!isConstantZero(rt, access_chain.indexes[0]))
+                    continue;
+
+                switch (access_chain.value) {
+                    .Pointer => |ptr| switch (ptr.ptr) {
+                        .common => |value| _ = try value.read(output),
+                        else => continue,
+                    },
+                    else => _ = try access_chain.value.read(output),
+                }
+                return;
+            },
+            else => {},
+        }
+    }
+
+    return SpvRuntimeError.InvalidSpirV;
+}
+
+fn isConstantZero(rt: *spv.Runtime, result_word: spv.SpvWord) bool {
+    if (result_word >= rt.results.len)
+        return false;
+
+    const variant = rt.results[result_word].variant orelse return false;
+    switch (variant) {
+        .Constant => |constant| {
+            var value: u32 = undefined;
+            _ = constant.value.read(std.mem.asBytes(&value)) catch return false;
+            return value == 0;
+        },
+        else => return false,
+    }
+}
+
 fn setupBuiltins(rt: *spv.Runtime, vertex_index_u32: u32, instance_index: usize) !void {
     const instance_index_u32: u32 = @intCast(instance_index);
 

src/vulkan/Pipeline.zig

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ const VkError = @import("error_set.zig").VkError;
 const Device = @import("Device.zig");
 const PipelineCache = @import("PipelineCache.zig");
 const PipelineLayout = @import("PipelineLayout.zig");
+const RenderPass = @import("RenderPass.zig");
 
 const Self = @This();
 pub const ObjectType: vk.ObjectType = .pipeline;
@@ -108,6 +109,13 @@ pub fn initGraphics(device: *Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cache: ?*Pipe
     var color_attachments: ?[]vk.PipelineColorBlendAttachmentState = null;
     errdefer if (color_attachments) |value| allocator.free(value);
 
+    const dynamic_state = try parseDynamicState(info.p_dynamic_state);
+    const rasterizer_discard_enable = if (info.p_rasterization_state) |state|
+        state.rasterizer_discard_enable == .true
+    else
+        false;
+    const has_color_attachments, const has_depth_stencil_attachment = try renderPassAttachmentState(info);
+
     return .{
         .owner = device,
         .vtable = undefined,
@@ -144,8 +152,12 @@ pub fn initGraphics(device: *Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cache: ?*Pipe
                 },
                 .viewport_state = .{
                     .viewports = blk: {
+                        if (rasterizer_discard_enable or dynamic_state.viewport) {
+                            break :blk null;
+                        }
                         if (info.p_viewport_state) |viewport_state| {
-                            if (viewport_state.p_viewports) |p_viewports| {
+                            if (viewport_state.viewport_count != 0) {
+                                const p_viewports = viewport_state.p_viewports orelse return VkError.ValidationFailed;
                                 const copy = allocator.dupe(vk.Viewport, p_viewports[0..viewport_state.viewport_count]) catch return VkError.OutOfHostMemory;
                                 viewports = copy;
                                 break :blk viewports;
@@ -154,8 +166,12 @@ pub fn initGraphics(device: *Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cache: ?*Pipe
                         break :blk null;
                     },
                     .scissor = blk: {
+                        if (rasterizer_discard_enable or dynamic_state.scissor) {
+                            break :blk null;
+                        }
                         if (info.p_viewport_state) |viewport_state| {
-                            if (viewport_state.p_scissors) |p_scissors| {
+                            if (viewport_state.scissor_count != 0) {
+                                const p_scissors = viewport_state.p_scissors orelse return VkError.ValidationFailed;
                                 const copy = allocator.dupe(vk.Rect2D, p_scissors[0..viewport_state.scissor_count]) catch return VkError.OutOfHostMemory;
                                 scissors = copy;
                                 break :blk scissors;
@@ -171,9 +187,17 @@ pub fn initGraphics(device: *Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cache: ?*Pipe
                     .line_width = if (info.p_rasterization_state) |state| state.line_width else return VkError.ValidationFailed,
                 },
                 .color_blend = blk: {
+                    if (rasterizer_discard_enable or !has_color_attachments) {
+                        break :blk .{
+                            .attachments = null,
+                            .constants = .{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 },
+                        };
+                    }
+
                     if (info.p_color_blend_state) |state| {
                         break :blk .{
-                            .attachments = if (state.p_attachments) |attachments| blk_attachments: {
+                            .attachments = if (state.attachment_count != 0) blk_attachments: {
+                                const attachments = state.p_attachments orelse return VkError.ValidationFailed;
                                 color_attachments = allocator.dupe(vk.PipelineColorBlendAttachmentState, attachments[0..state.attachment_count]) catch return VkError.OutOfHostMemory;
                                 break :blk_attachments color_attachments;
                             } else null,
@@ -186,36 +210,56 @@ pub fn initGraphics(device: *Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cache: ?*Pipe
                         .constants = .{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 },
                     };
                 },
-                .depth_stencil = if (info.p_depth_stencil_state) |state| state.* else null,
+                .depth_stencil = if (rasterizer_discard_enable or !has_depth_stencil_attachment)
-                .dynamic_state = blk: {
+                    null
-                    var state: DynamicState = .{};
+                else if (info.p_depth_stencil_state) |state|
-
+                    state.*
-                    if (info.p_dynamic_state) |dynamic_state| {
+                else
-                        if (dynamic_state.p_dynamic_states) |states| {
+                    null,
-                            for (states[0..dynamic_state.dynamic_state_count]) |info_state| {
+                .dynamic_state = dynamic_state,
-                                switch (info_state) {
-                                    .viewport => state.viewport = true,
-                                    .scissor => state.scissor = true,
-                                    .line_width => state.line_width = true,
-                                    .depth_bias => state.depth_bias = true,
-                                    .blend_constants => state.blend_constants = true,
-                                    .depth_bounds => state.depth_bounds = true,
-                                    .stencil_compare_mask => state.stencil_compare_mask = true,
-                                    .stencil_write_mask => state.stencil_write_mask = true,
-                                    .stencil_reference => state.stencil_reference = true,
-                                    else => return VkError.Unknown,
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    break :blk state;
-                },
             },
         },
     };
 }
 
+fn parseDynamicState(info: ?*const vk.PipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo) VkError!DynamicState {
+    var state: DynamicState = .{};
+    const dynamic_state = info orelse return state;
+    if (dynamic_state.dynamic_state_count == 0) {
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    const states = dynamic_state.p_dynamic_states orelse return VkError.ValidationFailed;
+    for (states[0..dynamic_state.dynamic_state_count]) |info_state| {
+        switch (info_state) {
+            .viewport => state.viewport = true,
+            .scissor => state.scissor = true,
+            .line_width => state.line_width = true,
+            .depth_bias => state.depth_bias = true,
+            .blend_constants => state.blend_constants = true,
+            .depth_bounds => state.depth_bounds = true,
+            .stencil_compare_mask => state.stencil_compare_mask = true,
+            .stencil_write_mask => state.stencil_write_mask = true,
+            .stencil_reference => state.stencil_reference = true,
+            else => return VkError.Unknown,
+        }
+    }
+
+    return state;
+}
+
+fn renderPassAttachmentState(info: *const vk.GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo) VkError!struct { bool, bool } {
+    if (info.render_pass == .null_handle) {
+        return .{ true, true };
+    }
+
+    const render_pass = try NonDispatchable(RenderPass).fromHandleObject(info.render_pass);
+    return .{
+        try render_pass.subpassHasColorAttachments(info.subpass),
+        try render_pass.subpassHasDepthStencilAttachment(info.subpass),
+    };
+}
+
 pub inline fn destroy(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
     switch (self.mode) {
         .compute => {},

src/vulkan/PipelineCache.zig

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ const Self = @This();
 pub const ObjectType: vk.ObjectType = .pipeline_cache;
 
 owner: *Device,
-data_available: bool,
+data: []u8,
 
 vtable: *const VTable,
 
@@ -24,55 +24,105 @@ pub const Header = vk.PipelineCacheHeaderVersionOne;
 
 pub fn init(device: *Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, info: *const vk.PipelineCacheCreateInfo) VkError!Self {
     _ = allocator;
-    const has_initial_data = info.initial_data_size != 0 or info.p_initial_data != null;
+    if (info.initial_data_size != 0 and info.p_initial_data == null) {
+        return VkError.ValidationFailed;
+    }
+
+    const initial_data = if (info.p_initial_data) |ptr|
+        @as([*]const u8, @ptrCast(ptr))[0..info.initial_data_size]
+    else
+        &.{};
+
+    const data_allocator = device.host_allocator.allocator();
+    const data = if (isCompatibleInitialData(device, initial_data))
+        data_allocator.dupe(u8, initial_data) catch return VkError.OutOfHostMemory
+    else
+        createEmptyData(device, data_allocator) catch return VkError.OutOfHostMemory;
+
     return .{
         .owner = device,
-        .data_available = !has_initial_data or info.initial_data_size >= dataSize(),
+        .data = data,
         .vtable = undefined,
     };
 }
 
-pub inline fn destroy(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
+pub fn destroy(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
+    self.owner.host_allocator.allocator().free(self.data);
     self.vtable.destroy(self, allocator);
 }
 
-pub fn merge(self: *Self) VkError!void {
+pub fn merge(self: *Self, source: *const Self) VkError!void {
-    _ = self;
+    if (source.data.len <= @sizeOf(Header)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!isCompatibleInitialData(self.owner, source.data)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const old_len = self.data.len;
+    const source_payload = source.data[@sizeOf(Header)..];
+    self.data = self.owner.host_allocator.allocator().realloc(self.data, old_len + source_payload.len) catch return VkError.OutOfHostMemory;
+    @memcpy(self.data[old_len..], source_payload);
+}
+
+pub fn appendPayload(self: *Self, payload: []const u8) VkError!void {
+    if (payload.len == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const old_len = self.data.len;
+    self.data = self.owner.host_allocator.allocator().realloc(self.data, old_len + payload.len) catch return VkError.OutOfHostMemory;
+    @memcpy(self.data[old_len..], payload);
 }
 
 pub fn getData(self: *Self, data: ?[]u8) vk.Result {
-    if (!self.data_available) {
-        return .success;
-    }
-
-    const cache_header = self.header();
-    const bytes = std.mem.asBytes(&cache_header);
-
     if (data) |dst| {
-        if (dst.len < bytes.len) {
+        const written = @min(dst.len, self.data.len);
+        @memcpy(dst[0..written], self.data[0..written]);
+        if (written < self.data.len) {
             return .incomplete;
         }
-
-        @memcpy(dst[0..bytes.len], bytes);
     }
 
     return .success;
 }
 
-pub inline fn dataSize() usize {
-    return @sizeOf(Header);
-}
-
 pub inline fn availableDataSize(self: *const Self) usize {
-    return if (self.data_available) dataSize() else 0;
+    return self.data.len;
 }
 
-fn header(self: *const Self) Header {
+fn makeHeader(device: *const Device) Header {
     return .{
         .header_size = @sizeOf(Header),
         .header_version = .one,
         .vendor_id = @intCast(root.VULKAN_VENDOR_ID),
-        .device_id = self.owner.physical_device.props.device_id,
+        .device_id = device.physical_device.props.device_id,
-        .pipeline_cache_uuid = self.owner.physical_device.props.pipeline_cache_uuid,
+        .pipeline_cache_uuid = device.physical_device.props.pipeline_cache_uuid,
     };
 }
+
+fn createEmptyData(device: *const Device, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) VkError![]u8 {
+    const cache_header = makeHeader(device);
+    return allocator.dupe(u8, std.mem.asBytes(&cache_header)) catch VkError.OutOfHostMemory;
+}
+
+fn isCompatibleInitialData(device: *const Device, initial_data: []const u8) bool {
+    if (initial_data.len == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (initial_data.len < @sizeOf(Header)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const cache_header = readHeader(initial_data);
+    const expected = makeHeader(device);
+    return cache_header.header_size == @sizeOf(Header) and
+        cache_header.header_version == .one and
+        cache_header.vendor_id == expected.vendor_id and
+        cache_header.device_id == expected.device_id and
+        std.mem.eql(u8, &cache_header.pipeline_cache_uuid, &expected.pipeline_cache_uuid);
+}
+
+inline fn readHeader(bytes: []const u8) Header {
+    return std.mem.bytesToValue(Header, bytes);
+}

src/vulkan/RenderPass.zig

@@ -98,3 +98,25 @@ pub fn destroy(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
 pub inline fn getRenderAreaGranularity(self: *Self) vk.Extent2D {
     return self.vtable.getRenderAreaGranularity(self);
 }
+
+pub fn subpassHasColorAttachments(self: *const Self, subpass_index: u32) VkError!bool {
+    if (subpass_index >= self.subpasses.len) {
+        return VkError.ValidationFailed;
+    }
+
+    const color_attachments = self.subpasses[subpass_index].color_attachments orelse return false;
+    for (color_attachments) |attachment| {
+        if (attachment.attachment != vk.ATTACHMENT_UNUSED) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+pub fn subpassHasDepthStencilAttachment(self: *const Self, subpass_index: u32) VkError!bool {
+    if (subpass_index >= self.subpasses.len) {
+        return VkError.ValidationFailed;
+    }
+
+    return self.subpasses[subpass_index].depth_stencil_attachments != null;
+}

src/vulkan/lib.zig

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! Here lies the documentation of the common internal API that backends need to implement
+//! Here lies the documentation of the common internal API that Ape backends need to implement
 
 const std = @import("std");
 const builtin = @import("builtin");

src/vulkan/lib_vulkan.zig

@@ -1480,12 +1480,10 @@ pub export fn apeGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements(p_device: vk.Device, p_image:
     defer entryPointEndLogTrace();
 
     Dispatchable(Device).checkHandleValidity(p_device) catch |err| return errorLogger(err);
+    NonDispatchable(Image).checkHandleValidity(p_image) catch |err| return errorLogger(err);
 
-    const image = NonDispatchable(Image).fromHandleObject(p_image) catch |err| return errorLogger(err);
+    lib.unsupported("sparse images are not supported", .{});
 
-    notImplementedWarning();
-
-    _ = image;
     _ = requirements;
 }
 
@@ -1511,7 +1509,7 @@ pub export fn apeGetPipelineCacheData(p_device: vk.Device, p_cache: vk.PipelineC
         const bytes = @as([*]u8, @ptrCast(ptr))[0..size.*];
         break :blk cache.getData(bytes);
     } else cache.getData(null);
-    size.* = if (result == .incomplete) 0 else available;
+    size.* = if (result == .incomplete) @min(size.*, available) else available;
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -1578,10 +1576,10 @@ pub export fn apeMergePipelineCaches(p_device: vk.Device, p_dst: vk.PipelineCach
     const dst = NonDispatchable(PipelineCache).fromHandleObject(p_dst) catch |err| return toVkResult(err);
 
     for (0..count) |i| {
-        _ = NonDispatchable(PipelineCache).fromHandleObject(p_srcs[i]) catch |err| return toVkResult(err);
+        const src = NonDispatchable(PipelineCache).fromHandleObject(p_srcs[i]) catch |err| return toVkResult(err);
+        dst.merge(src) catch |err| return toVkResult(err);
     }
 
-    dst.merge() catch |err| return toVkResult(err);
     return .success;
 }